Ethan Frome Analysis Essay

Major themes in Ethan Frome include allay, closing off, illusion, and the consequences that are the result of living according to the rules of ordination. Wharton relies on personal experiences to relate her thematic messages. passim her life as a writer, Wharton would schedule the time that she wrote around social engage custodyts and she did not readily discuss her writing. As a result, she was familiar with silence and isolation. The rules of society did not cond wizard a woman who was a member of the upper class operative, much less as a professional writer. Societal rules to a fault fr induceed upon divorce. Wharton lived in a loveless marriage for years before she took a risk and divorced Teddy Wharton, her husband for al to the highest degree thirty years. end-to-end the young Wharton foc subroutines on silence as a major theme. In the introduction, the author describes her characters as granite outcroppings . . . half emerged from the soil, and scarcely more articulate. Each of the three major characters is shut in in his/her own silence. Ethan, a quiet man by nature, returns to Starkfield following the death of his father to run the family farm and sawmill. Because he is too busy working to make small talk with the villagers and his sick mother stops speaking, Ethan becomes imprisoned in a mortal silence. He experiences a brief reprieve when Zeena arrives to sell for his mother but after his mothers death and his subsequent marriage to Zeena, Zeena falls silent withal. Communication between the couple is minimal and superficial. after Matties arrival, Zeena forces a smothering silence on her also with her fault-finding (that is) of the silent kind. Ethan is able to share his passion for the wonders of nature with Mattie however, when conversation takes a turn towards intimacy, silence returns and all Ethan can say is, Come along. The characters are unable to communicate with each other to dispel their own loneliness. It isnt until Zeena forces Mattie to leave the Frome household that Ethan and Mattie convey their feelings for each other.They abandon rational thought as they attempt to commit suicide and enter a silent hell in which the only communicatory communication to be heard is Zeena and Matties complaining. Isolation, another major theme in the novel, is not self-imposed before the tragedy that befalls Mattie and Ethan, but is enforced upon them by outside circumstances. Ethan tried to escape the isolation of Starkfield and his fathers farm by going off to the technological college at Worcester. He began to cultivate his own social traits and to overcome his reticence however, his fathers death forced him to give up college and return to the farm and his ill mother. After his marriage to Zeena, Ethan is imprisoned by the farm, millwork, and caring for Zeena. He is physically spaced from the world at large and is also cut off from the possibility of any human bon ton that life in a village might afford. Mattie a nd Zeena are isolated characters also. Mattie is isolated by the deaths of both parents and the ill will of most of her relatives. She moves to the Fromes, an unfamiliar farmhouse and, nevertheless for church socials, is cut off from contact with human beings other than the Fromes.Because Zeena is consumed by her many illnesses, she rarely leaves the farmhouse, and only speaks to Ethan and Mattie when voicing her complaints or demands. Because the attempted escape from isolation by Ethan and Mattie fails tragically, Ethan, Mattie, and Zeena are left to spend their lives in an isolation even more complete than that from which they tried to flee. Illusion, a false interpretation or scholarship, is an big theme in the novel. Illusion affords each of the three main characters a means of escape from the reality of the silent and isolated lives they lead. Ethan would . . . imagine that peace reigned in his house when Zeena stopped watching Mattie so closely after her arrival. He wants to believe that Matties smiles and certain gestures are just for him. Ethan dreams of being with Mattie always in fact, he was never so happy with her (Mattie) as when he abandoned himself to these dreams.The night that Zeena went to Bettsbridge, Ethan imagines them (Mattie and himself) sitting on each side of the stove, like a hook up with couple. When Zeena insists that Mattie leave their household, Ethan tries to convince himself that Zeena will change her mind. His illusion more or less running away with Mattie fizzles when he faces reality he can not afford one ticket, much less two. Mattie dreams of spending her life with Ethan. Ironically, her illusion becomes a reality. She does spend her life with Ethan, but as an invalid cared for by Zeena, not as Ethans wife, as she had imagined. Zeenas illusions are unhealthy. Her hypochondria enables her to escape into self-pity and self-indulgence.The smash-up forces her to abandon her illusions of withdrawing from all her househol d responsibilities through the device of a hired housekeeper. The imprisonment experienced by an individual living according to the rules of society is a major theme inEthan Frome. The message that Wharton conveys through Ethan is that when people fear they are violating the rules of society, they risk congruous enslaved by those rules. Ethan doesnt leave his wife because he feels bound by his marriage vows. He dreams about being married to Mattie however, even as he writes his goodbye letter to Zeena, and subsequently talks to Mrs. Hale, his conscience does not allow him to follow through with his wishes. Instead, the rules of society rule his life and he remains entrapped in a loveless marriage.Symbols in Ethan Frome enrich the themes found in the novel as well as Whartons characterizations. A symbol functions literally as a concrete object and figuratively as a representation of an idea. Symbols allow writers to compress complicated ideas or views into an image or word. The most serious use of symbolic imagery in Ethan Frome is the winter setting, which is first described in the prologue and is carried throughout the main story. Harmon Gows assessment of Ethan Frome early in the prologue is that he has endured too many Starkfield winters. From that smudge on, winter presides over the tragedy in all its manifestations of snow, ice, wind, cold, darkness, and death. The Narrator speculates that the winters in Ethans past must have brought about a suppression of life and spirit.Winter is also symbolic of the isolation, loneliness, and immobility that Ethan experiences. The name of the town, Starkfield, symbolizes the devastating and isolating effects of the harsh winters on the land and the men who work the land. The name is also symbolic of the stark and carefully composed prose Wharton used to write the story. Other symbols include the deathlike vine on the front porch of Fromes farmhouse that symbolizes the dead and dying spirits that inhabit the house a nd its adjacent graveyard, the farmhouse itself that has lost the L seems to be symbolic of Ethan (the house looks forlorn and lonely), it stands alone without support isolated and lonely.The image of the butterfly, which has defied the cold and death of winter symbolizes freedom freedom that Ethan is unable to attain because he is trapped in a loveless marriage. The cushion that Ethan throws crosswise his study is the only cushion that Zeena ever made for him. Throwing it across the floor symbolizes his growing rejection of Zeena and his desire to run away with Mattie. Ethan thinks Matties hair is one of her most beautiful features it is symbolic of her free, happy, and open personality. Zeenas hair, on the other hand, is always unattractively crimped and confined with pins, just as her personality seems pinched and constrained. The symbolic use of Matties hair is more important at the climax of the novel, when it represents beauty and love, to which Ethan is willing to give his l ove but cant. The symbols used by Wharton in Ethan Frome beef up the themes of silence, isolation, and entrapment feelings that Ethan experiences in his marriage.Wharton establishes patterns of imagery by using figurative wording language meant to be taken figuratively as well as literally. In Ethan Frome, Whartons descriptive imagery is one of the most important features of her simple and efficient prose style. Her descriptions serve a definite stylistic and structural purpose. The figurative language used by Wharton includes metaphors and similes. Metaphorscompare two unlike things without using words of comparison (such as like or as). For example, in the beginning of the novel, Wharton gives readers the feeling of the bitterness and scratchiness of the winter by setting the constellation, Orion, in a sky of iron. When Ethan and Mattie enter the Frome household after walking home, the kitchen has the deadly chill of a vault after the dry cold of the night. This image is appr opriate to the living death that Ethan and Mattie experience in the years after their accident. Their lives do become cold and dead.The imagery associated with Zeena is blunt and cold also. When Ethan sees her before her trip to Bettsbridge, she sits in the pale light reflected from the banks of snow, which makes her face look more than usually drawn and bloodless. In contrast, the imagery associated with Mattie is associated with pass and congenital life. Matties change in mood reminds Ethan of the flit of a bird in the branches and he feels that walking with her is similar to floating on a summer stream. Later in the novel, when Ethan goes downstairs to tell Mattie that she will have to leave their house, their conversation has the effect of a torch of warning in a calamitous landscape. Similes, comparisons of two unlike things that use words of comparison such as like oras, are direct comparisons that Wharton uses throughout the novel.At the beginning of the novel, Ethans per ception of Matties face is like a window that has caught the sunset, and later, he thinks her face seems like a wheat field under a summer breeze. As Ethan and Mattie walk home from the dance, Ethan reveals to Mattie that he had been hiding while she talked to Denis Eady. Wharton describes the moment when her wonder and his laughter ran together like spring rills in a thaw. The dead cuke vine at the Frome farmhouse looks like the crape streamer tied to the door for a death. And, when Zeena tells Ethan that she should have sent Mattie away long ago because people were talking, the effect of her input signal on Ethan is like a knife-cut across the sinews. . . . As Mattie and Ethan approach their crippling accident, darkness prevails over the imagery. Darkness comes, dropping down like a swart veil from the heavy hemlock boughs. The black veil causes the reader to think of a funeral. Such figurative language evokes vivid images that reveal characterization and reinforce Whartons th emes.Edith Whartons writing style is characterized by simplicity and mastery. Her choice of vocabulary and sentence structure, which is as stark as the lives led by her protagonists, is deceptive. Throughout the novel, Wharton builds up patterns of imagery, patterns of behavior, and specially charged words all of which serve a definite stylistic and structural purpose. One of the best examples of Whartons careful control is seen in the descriptions of the events immediately before and after the smash-up. As Mattie and Ethan ride the sled down the hill, Wharton captures the initial thrill of the speed and then Ethans frenzied decisiveness to drive them straight into the elm tree. Her prose slows down as she evokes Ethans return to consciousness. Not only in this example, but everywhere in the novel, her style is restrained, so that the way the words are arranged enhances their meaning without calling attention to the cleverness of the arrangement.Because Wharton refrains from using unnecessary, superfluous modifiers, her descriptions seem to be almost elliptical or incomplete. She chooses adjectives and adverbs carefully and uses them infrequently. Her imagery is always appropriate to the limitations of her characters and is simply and subtly stated. For example, when Mattie and Ethan spend the evening together, Wharton uses the imagery of warmth and cold to complement characterization. She uses adjectives related to warmth when describing Mattie, and adjectives related to cold to describe Zeena. Other examples of elemental nature found in Whartons imagery are stars, the seasons, animals, vegetation, light, and darkness. Whartons use of structure contributes to the depiction of Ethans tragedy.The prologue and the epilogue, which take place some twenty years after the events of the main story, are written in first person from The Narrators point of view. Structurally, these portions of the novel constitute a frame around the story itself however, this frame is more than a decoration. The prologue not only establishes the nature of theme and action, but also begins the characterization of Zeena and Ethan Frome. It also sets the important patterns of imagery and symbolism and starts a tone of omniscient narration throughout the body of the novel. Ethan is the only character who is thoroughly explored. Whartons attention to minor details and her use of structure to relay Ethans complicated and tragic life story to readers enables her to portray her characters as victims of the rules of society.