Why might democracies be more peaceful in their relations with each Essay

Why might democracies be more peaceful in their relations with each other than with states that are not democracies - Essay Example The democratic government is chose by the people. The democracy in a state or a country works for the people. This fundamental of democracy had continued initially from the era of Roman Empire up to now. The autocracies even led to wars in the ancient times also. The principle of autocracy had been discontinued from that time only. The people at that time elected their own representatives for their benefits. The individualism had significant role from the past up to now. The rulers in the past followed the individualism but in today's era there is democracy in all the parts of the country. Thus there were huge amount of wars which were causing destruction only. In today's era, the democracy has changes the trend towards political and economic liberalization over the past century. The dynamic relations all over the world are quite important for the countries today. The democracy has enabled the different countries to make peaceful relations with each other. The democratically formed rules have enforced the government to work accordingly, thus making worthy relations with other countries. Thus the countries having democracies are maintaining themselves for development of their own as well as of the world. The countries which had not been a democracy today are deferring immensely in development and are threatening other countries. Thus they are not maintaining the peaceful relations. Iran, whose Supreme Leader is a religious figure unfettered by popular elections, and threatens to develop nuclear weapons and potentially wants to dominate the Middle East. The relative lack of attention to variation in the international behavior of non-democratic states represents a startling omission. There are many other countries also which are only having the one party rule like the China and others, but are really maintaining the excellent coalition with other countries. The countries which are not having democracy are having either one party rule or either the dictatorship like the recent one in Afghanistan by the Taliban. Thus these countries never had been on the road of development, relations with other countries, but instead they threatened other countries for wars. The plane attack on plane America on 9th September, 2001by the militants was result of that only. Thus the individualism is neither better for a country nor for the world. So the countries must have a democratic form of government. From the example of Syria it had been clear that democracy is quite important. If the democracy will not exist in a particular country, then it will be under a single person or party, thus these countries are responsible for the wars as conceded from the past also. These countries will cause a threat to other countries and there will be a war like the dictatorship in the past in the Germany, the Italy, and the Japan was responsible for

Jones Blair Case Study Essay Example for Free

Jones Blair Case Study Essay Jones †¢ Blair is a company that produces and sells architectural paint it also sell paint sundries which include paintbrushes and rollers. It caters to over 50 countries which are divided into two sectors the DFW area and the non-DFW area. Of the two the DFW area has been proven to be the most successful area for the company. In 1999 the company made 80 million in sales and 60% of this was contributed by the DFW area. There are two segments within the company’s main sales attributes and these are between the do it yourself market and the professional market. With regards to the professional market in the DFW area this accounted for 70% of sales In the non-DFW area 70% of sales were made through the do-it-yourself market. During a meeting the company discussed the problem of where and how to carry out marketing efforts. They were left with four options: 1) Cut the price by 20%. 2) Hire one additional sales rep. 3) Spend additional $350,000 on advertising. 4) Stay the same. A detailed look into each option. 1) Cut the price by 20%. The shopper research programme indicated that dealers will back off the brand when the customer appears price sensitive. By cutting the price by 20% this will allow the company to be on par with national brands. The current contribution margin for the company is 35% if the price was to be cut by 20% then the new contribution margin would be reduced to: 35% 20% = 15% with the current sale volume being $12 million and a price cut of 20% the sales would have to increase significantly for the price cut to be effective. According to Barrett â€Å"we are now the highest price paint in our service area† the fact that the company still has increasing sales despite being the highest cost brand of all the competitors this shows that the company is being perceived as giving high quality goods where people don’t mind about paying extra for their brand. If the company was to cut the price by 20% this may leave doubts in peoples minds about whether or not the brand is actually as high quality as they had thought. The fact that they can get away with charging a higher price for their brand they should stick with it. 2) Hire one additional sales rep. Currently the company has 8 sales reps which are responsible for the following tasks: Monitoring inventories. Taking orders. Assisting in store display. Coordinating cooperative advertising programmes. A survey indicated that the sales reps were very well liked, helpful, professional and knowledgeable with regards to paint. These reps are paid a salary and also a 1% commission. The cost of hiring an additional sales rep would be $60,000 a year, this is excluding commission. The vice president feels that the current sales reps aren’t aggressive enough and the fact that only 5 new accounts were made in the last 5 years something needs to be done. Only 16% of the accounts come from the non-DFW area so maybe a focus needs to be placed onto this area. If this was to be done, an additional sales rep be assigned to the non-DFW area this could lead to a significant increase in sales. 3) Spend additional $350,000 on advertising. The vice president of advertising believes that there is a need for an awareness level of 30% among do-it-yourselfers to affect their sales. An emphasis on television coverage will reach non-DFW consumers in 15 countries. Research shows that ads affect the buying process Since most consumers consider the store before the actual brand maybe the advertising should be focused more-so on corporate ads rather than brand ads. The company spends 3% of its net sales on advertising therefore the current cost of advertising is: 3% of 12 million = 360000 with an additional spend of $350000 on advertising the total cost of advertising would be: 360000+ 350000= $710,000. This would almost double the cost of advertising and since there’s an emphasis on television this could prove to be a risky option, especially since brand awareness isn’t the main attribution to buyer behaviour. Another factor to consider is the fact that 75% of the audience of the advert arent buying paint. 4) Stay the same. The final option for the company would be to keep everything the same which is advised by the vice president of finance. Since the company is continuing to make profit he feels that if you were to take the other options that there would have to be a significant increase in the sales volume which may not be a result. Although most of the options offer different benefits and of course different drawbacks we dont think there is an outright option to choose. With regards to the cut in price of 20% we dont believe this option should be chosen. The fact that the company is allowed to charge the higher price and is perceived as being a high quality brand why should they risk losing all of this by accepting the price cut. The next option with regards to hiring an additional sales rep we feel that the fact that they have 8 sales reps already would the addition of another really make a significant impact on sales. Rather than focusing on hiring a new one we believe that if they focused more-so and possibly retraining their current sales reps this could prove to be more effective. The fact that the sales reps are already considered highly by the customers is a bonus. If more effort was put into them and how they could improve efficiency then this could be worthwhile to the company. The company could divide up the sales reps into the necessary markets and possibly by offering them incentives this could increase their performance. By hiring an additional sales rep doesnt necessarily promise a change in sales. With regards to an increase of advertising spending of $350,000 we wouldnt recommend this option. As the company wants to put an emphasis on television and the fact that 75% of the audience dont buy paint, the 25% of the audience that do doesnt seem like a big enough market coverage to invest such a lot of money into. Instead we feel they should look into other marketing options. The fact that with regards to buyer behaviour that customers choose the store first before the brand maybe the company should look into advertising within the actual stores. They could look into what stores are proven to be more popular and focus advertising attention on these. With the last option as staying the same although the company is continuing to make profits we feel like this could be the easy option. Rather than just being content with what is currently happening with the business they should focus on improving the business. The fact is that more and more competitors may enter the market or even people may change their buying behaviour but ultimately the company should try and always be a brand considered.

The Royal Hunt of the Sun :: essays papers

The Royal Hunt of the Sun The Royal Hunt of the Sun is a story mainly based on the conquest of Peru by Spain. Along the way it explores many different sub-themes and ideas. Questions are raised about faith, friendship, leadership, greed and two distinctively different ways of life. The two main characters exhibit conflicting views on all the issues. The overthrow of the Peruvian Empire is a phenomenal story as it demonstrates the vulnerability of a society that considered itself almost indestructible. It showed how focused a civilisation can be on one leader, and how simply it can collapse when this leadership is removed. Pizarro recognised this and that is how his small army of almost two hundred conquered a nation of millions. He told his men "One man: that^s all. Get him, the rest collapse." (page 28) The conquest of Peru was a clash between two religions that were immediately very different but similar in principal. Christianity was a religion with a rapidly expanding following. Its leaders virtually granted permission for Christians to kill in order to spread the faith. This occurred in The Royal Hunt of the Sun when the priests inferred that Pizarro should take the life of Attahuallpa so that the Spanish would survive and the Christian belief would spread throughout South America. The priest Valverde said "^the lives of a hundred and seventy of the faithful. Are you going to sacrifice them for one savage?" (page 70) On the other hand the Inca belief was a lot more settled and humane. The Inca God and ruler Atahuallpa claimed "I have priest power^I confess my people of all crimes against the sun." (page 19) They both believed in a supreme being, who would be killed by its enemies and rise from the dead. Pizarro and Atahuallpa came from similar backgrounds but their immediate appearance was quite different. When they came together their similarities became evident and their friendship flourished at an early stage. While Atahuallpa was Pizarro^s captive he said "Make me free. I would fill this room." (With gold) (page 43) However, when Atahuallpa produces the gold Pizarro qualifies his promise thus; " ^Atahuallpa, you must swear to me that you will not hurt a man in my army if I let you go." (page 60) "I will not swear this" Atahuallpa replied. "Three thousand of my servants they killed in the square. Three thousand, without arms. I will avenge them." (page 60) This

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google

The Unique Corporate Culture in Google Executive Summary The internet giant of search engine â€Å"Google†, always rated for the â€Å"Best Workplace†, â€Å"Best Employer† in the recent ten years. Why? Except the professional technology, Google’s great and unique corporate culture made so. The feature of Google’s corporate culture is equality, free and human oriented.The company provide the most luxury and comfortable work environment to its employee, encourage them relax more, play hard and work hard. From Google’s case, more and more companies realized the perks and benefits for the employee are no longer only medical, insurance, overtime pay, free coffee and two weeks holidays. In Google, nobody need to punch the clock, you can work in your own â€Å"time zone†.If you don’t want to leave your pet in the working time, bring it in your office, you can stay with it in every minute. You don’t need bring the lunch box to t he company, because it has free breakfast, lunch and dinner every day. Vast kinds of facilities are well-established. Like the professional massagist, the gym, the massage chair, the bicycle, the dry clean laundry, the slides, the electronic scooter, the oil change, and so on.Everything seems great, but if the employee has other demand, they can speak to the founder or CEO directly, maybe the request would be excessive or crazy, but if it is feasible, Google will satisfy employee in every possible way. The open policy reflects the equality in Google. Every employee can see the boss and co-workers work plan and schedule. Google think this way can let all employees get the information about company’s program progress and developing direction, make them feel they are trusted and will be one of the groups always.

Ferdinand and Miranda Essay

How does Shakespeare present the encounter between Ferdinand and Miranda from lines 450-499? The encounter between Miranda and Ferdinand in lines 450-499 of The Tempest is presented using three characters, Miranda, Ferdinand, and Prospero. Miranda and Ferdinand have fallen in love at first sight to Prospero’s delight, though he doesn’t want them to fall in love too quickly or interfere with his plans, so he lies to Miranda about Ferdinand’s unworthiness and then charms Ferdinand from moving. Miranda is presented as a helpless damsel distressed by the way her father handled this situation. â€Å"If the ill spirit have so fair a house, Good things will strive to dwell with’t† These are Miranda’s first words in these lines saying that physical beauty is a sign of proper morals and righteousness. This was an axiom during the renaissance period, hinting that she is only wise enough to state the obvious argument. After Ferdinand is charmed from moving she says, â€Å"He’s gentle and not fearful. † This sounding like she believes he is courageous, but more likely she is emphasizing his gentleness and compassion. These short interjections present Miranda as useless to the entire dispute. There are only three lines of verbal exchange between Miranda and Ferdinand, â€Å"My father is of a better nature, sir, Than he appears by speech. This is unwonted Which now came from him. † This shows Miranda’s inexperience with men as she is almost too shy to say anything at all. Ferdinand is depicted as a good-looking man, with the normal qualities that come along with royalty such as courage, and a heroic nature. â€Å"I will resist such entertainment (treatment) Till mine enemy has more power. † This expresses Ferdinand’s royal nature, as he is accustomed to overpowering all enemies. After prospero commands his attention, accuses him of falsely bearing the title of the prince of Naples, and asks for him to obey his every word, Ferdinand says, â€Å"No, as I am a man. † This explains Ferdinand is used to getting what he wants and being adored by all and has previously given out orders rather than taken them. Finally, Ferdinand gives up arguing prospero, â€Å"Might I but through my prison one a day Behold this maid† He pledges his heart to Miranda saying that he doesn’t care if he gets punished as long as he can see this girl. But both of these characters are dwarfed by Prospero’s powers and wisdom. Prospero is the centre of all talk in these lines, as both of the younger characters are pleading to Prospero to let them live out their love for one another, though neither can match the sorcerer’s power, â€Å"Come from they ward, For I can here disarm thee with this stick And make thy weapon drop. † Here is the suggestion that prospero is the mightiest of all men, as his stick can defeat any armed man. His wisdom is also expressed through the use of proverbs, â€Å"What, I say, my foot my tutor? † This asserts Prospero’s paternal control over Miranda as well as proving that prospero is a man of great intellect. All of Prospero’s ‘aside’ passages allow the audience to see through his eyes, â€Å"(aside) They are both in either’s powers, but this swift Business I must uneasy make. † Here we are told that prospero, despite the fact that he is pleased with his daughter’s love, is planning to put Ferdinand through menial tests, possibly to keep him from disturbing his plans. Seeing this passage through Prospero’s eyes gives the audience a sense that he overwhelms the others in power and wisdom. Shakespeare has made Prospero the key to the presentation of this encounter.

Free Essays on Christropher Colombus

Critique of â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom† Bill Bigelow, a history teacher at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, in â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom†, argues that it is time to replace the legends that one might learn in school and in textbooks with a more accurate representation of the truth, and that people shouldn’t just consider what they read to be true. Bigelow in one of his classes, tries to convey to his students that throughout their school lives they have been studying an idea, at the time, they thought was true, but might consider now that the story might have a different meaning after all the facts are known. Bigelow explains to his students that when learning about something, all facts about the subject you learned about should be known, so you could come up with your own understanding of the story. The article starts out with Bigelow giving an example of one of the activities that he did in class. With the person’s permission, he claimed to his class that he had a purse and the belonging inside. Then he asked the class to prove that it was not his. The students gave many responses to the reason of it not being his, and then Bigelow brought a point of him discovering it. His students shrugged him off. Therefore, he responded,† So, why do we say that Columbus discovered America†. Bigelow goes onto explain to his class the flaws in what they learned in their early life. Bigelow’s main reason for arguing is a need to inform others about the things they did not learn about Columbus in the past. After the students in Bigelow’s class learnt about Columbus negatively, the students and Bigelow perform a role-play that expresses Bigelow’s views of Columbus. In this article, either the reader agrees with one side of the argument or the other. There is not a middle ground were the reader can agree with parts of the two different agreements. Until the point that I learned, Christopher Columbus w... Free Essays on Christropher Colombus Free Essays on Christropher Colombus Critique of â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom† Bill Bigelow, a history teacher at Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon, in â€Å"Columbus in the Classroom†, argues that it is time to replace the legends that one might learn in school and in textbooks with a more accurate representation of the truth, and that people shouldn’t just consider what they read to be true. Bigelow in one of his classes, tries to convey to his students that throughout their school lives they have been studying an idea, at the time, they thought was true, but might consider now that the story might have a different meaning after all the facts are known. Bigelow explains to his students that when learning about something, all facts about the subject you learned about should be known, so you could come up with your own understanding of the story. The article starts out with Bigelow giving an example of one of the activities that he did in class. With the person’s permission, he claimed to his class that he had a purse and the belonging inside. Then he asked the class to prove that it was not his. The students gave many responses to the reason of it not being his, and then Bigelow brought a point of him discovering it. His students shrugged him off. Therefore, he responded,† So, why do we say that Columbus discovered America†. Bigelow goes onto explain to his class the flaws in what they learned in their early life. Bigelow’s main reason for arguing is a need to inform others about the things they did not learn about Columbus in the past. After the students in Bigelow’s class learnt about Columbus negatively, the students and Bigelow perform a role-play that expresses Bigelow’s views of Columbus. In this article, either the reader agrees with one side of the argument or the other. There is not a middle ground were the reader can agree with parts of the two different agreements. Until the point that I learned, Christopher Columbus w...

Blooms Taxonomy Lesson Plans in the Classroom

Blooms Taxonomy Lesson Plans in the Classroom Have you ever heard a student complain, This question is so hard!? While this may be a common complaint, there are reasons that some questions are harder than others. The difficulty of a question or an assignment can be measured by the level of the critical thinking skill required. Simple skills such as identifying a state capital can be measured quickly. More sophisticated skills such as the construction of a hypothesis take much longer to be assessed.   Introduction to Bloom's Taxonomy: To help determine the level of critical thinking for a task, Benjamin Bloom, an American educational psychologist, developed a way to categorize the different levels of critical reasoning skills required in classroom situations. In the 1950s, his Blooms Taxonomy gave all educators a common vocabulary for thinking about learning goals. There are six levels in the taxonomy, each requiring a higher level of abstraction from the students. As a teacher, you should attempt to move students up the taxonomy as they progress in their knowledge. Tests that are written solely to assess knowledge are unfortunately very common. However, to create thinkers as opposed to students who simply recall information, we must incorporate the higher levels into lesson plans and tests. Knowledge In the knowledge level of Blooms Taxonomy, questions are asked solely to test whether a student has gained specific information from the lesson. For example, have they memorized the dates for a particular war or do they know the presidents that served during specific eras in American History. It also includes knowledge of the main ideas that are being taught. You are probably writing knowledge questions when you use keywords such as: who, what, why, when, omit, where, which, choose, find, how, define, label, show, spell, list, match, name, relate, tell, recall, select. Comprehension The comprehension level of Blooms Taxonomy has students go past simply recalling facts and instead has them understanding the information. With this level, they will be able to interpret the facts. Instead of simply being able to name the various types of clouds, for example, the students would be able to understand why each cloud has formed in that manner. You are probably writing comprehension questions when you use the following keywords:  compare, contrast, demonstrate, interpret, explain, extend, illustrate, infer, outline, relate, rephrase, translate, summarize, show, or classify. Application Application questions are those where students have to actually apply, or use, the knowledge they have learned. They might be asked to solve a problem with the information they have gained in class being necessary to create a viable solution. For example, a student might be asked to solve a legal question in an American Government class using the Constitution and its amendments. You are probably writing application questions when you use the following keywords:  apply, build, choose, construct, develop, interview, make use of, organize, experiment with, plan, select, solve, utilize, or model. Analysis In the analysis level, students will be required to go beyond knowledge and application and actually see patterns that they can use to analyze a problem. For example, an English teacher might ask what the motives were behind the protagonists actions during a novel. This requires students to analyze the character and come to a conclusion based on this analysis. You are probably writing analysis questions when you use keywords:  analyze, categorize, classify, compare, contrast, discover, dissect, divide, examine, inspect, simplify, survey, test for, distinguish, list, distinction, theme, relationships, function, motive, inference, assumption, conclusion, or take part in. Synthesis With synthesis, students are required to use the given facts to create new theories or make predictions. They might have to pull in knowledge from multiple subjects and synthesize this information before coming to a conclusion. For example, if a student is asked to invent a new product or game they are being asked to synthesize. You are probably writing synthesis questions when you use keywords:  build, choose, combine, compile, compose, construct, create, design, develop, estimate, formulate, imagine, invent, make up, originate, plan, predict, propose, solve, solution, suppose, discuss, modify, change, original, improve, adapt, minimize, maximize, theorize, elaborate, test, happen, delete words like select, judge, debate, or recommend. Evaluation The top level of Blooms Taxonomy is evaluation. Here students are expected to assess information and come to a conclusion such as its value or the bias that an author may present.  For example, if the students are completing a DBQ (Document Based Question) for an AP US History course, they are expected to evaluate the bias behind any primary or secondary sources in order to see the influence that the speaker is making on a topic. You are probably writing evaluation questions when you use the keywords:  award, choose, conclude, criticize, decide, defend, determine, dispute, evaluate, judge, justify, measure, compare, mark, rate, recommend, rule on, select, agree, appraise, prioritize, opinion, interpret, explain, support importance, criteria, prove, disprove, assess, influence, perceive, value, estimate, or deduct. Things to Consider While Implementing Bloom's Taxonomy There are many reasons teachers keep a copy of Blooms Taxonomy levels handy. For example, a teacher may design a task by checking the Blooms Taxonomy to make sure that different levels of skill sets are required for different students. Using Blooms Taxonomy during lesson preparation can help a teacher make sure that all levels of critical thinking have been required over the length of a unit. Many tasks designed with  Blooms taxonomy can be more authentic, the kinds of tasks that challenge all students to develop the critical thinking skills needed for real life. Of course, teachers recognize that it is much easier to grade assignments designed on the lower levels (knowledge, application) of Blooms Taxonomy than on the higher levels. In fact, the higher the level of Blooms Taxonomy, the more complex the grading. For the more sophisticated assignments based on higher levels,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹rubrics become more important to ensure fair and accurate grading with tasks based on analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. In the end, it is supremely important that we as educators help our students become critical thinkers. Building on knowledge and helping kids begin to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate is the key to helping them grow and prosper in school and beyond. Source Bloom, B. S. (ed.). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Vol. 1: Cognitive Domain. New York: McKay, 1956.

The Best AP Environmental Science Notes to Study With

The Best AP Environmental Science Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It can be a challenge tostudy for any AP test, AP Environmental Science included. Because this class covers so many different areas, including science, law, and current events, it can be toughto keep your notes straight.Whether you’re missing some notes or you want them organized more clearly, this guide is for you. I’ve put together a list of links to AP Environmental Science notes and vocabulary that you can easily browse through to supplement your studying.I’ll also go over how to use these notes and end with tips to help make your studying more effective. How to Use These AP Environmental Science Notes The notes can be used for targeting studying throughout the course as well as your end of the year review for the AP exam.The notes don’t cover every topic on the AP Environmental Science Exam (particularly the Global Change section), so don’t rely on them exclusively for your studying.Supplement these notes with your notes from class, your textbook, and any review books you purchase. Using these notes gives you an organized way to sort through the material covered by the AP Environmental Science exam, and the vocabulary links can help you easily learn how well you know different terms and concepts commonly tested on the exam. While studying for the AP exam, you should also be regularly taking practice tests.Passive studying isn’t enough to earn a high score on the AP test; you want to make sure you’re actively engaging with the material and regularly checking your progress.We have an entireguide on practice test materialsthat you can use to choose the practice quiz or test you want to take. Early on in the year, you can use these notes in conjunction with practice tests by studying a certain topic or topics, then taking a practice quiz on that same topic to see how well you understood and retained the information from the notes. Later in the year, after taking complete practice tests, you can review the questions you missed to see which topics are your weakest, then find those topics in these notes and prioritize them in your studying. The AP Environmental Science Notes The notes are organized by the seven major topics the course covers. Within each major topic are more specific areas of focus.The notes below come from CourseNotes and give detailed outlines on their topic of focus.There’s no images or fancy formatting to increase the visual appeal of the notes, but they do a good job of covering the topic in-depth and separating the outline into different groups so you can quickly see which areas are covered. The vocabulary links also come from CourseNotes. They are organized by chapter from the 13th edition of the Living in the Environment textbook which is why they are slightly out of order when sorted by the seven major topics, as they are below. The vocabulary notes give brief definitions for each of the major keywords you need to know for AP Environmental Science. 1. Earth Systems and Resources Notes Earth Science Concepts The Atmosphere Environmental Philosophies Vocabulary Chapter 1: Environmental Issues, Their Causes, and Sustainability Chapter 2: Environmental History, an Overview Chapter 10: Geology 2. The Living World Notes Energy Flow Ecosystem Diversity Biological Communities Biomes Vocabulary Chapter 3: Science, Systems, Matter, and Energy Chapter 4: Ecosystems Chapter 5: Evolution and Biodiversity Chapter 6: Biogeography Chapter 7: Aquatic Ecology Chapter 8: Community Ecology 3. Population Notes Population Biology Concepts Human Population Vocabulary Chapter 9: Population Dynamics, Carrying Capacity, and Conservation Biology Chapter 12: The Human Population 4. Land and Water Use Notes Agriculture Water Global Economics Vocabulary Chapter 13: Food Resources Chapter 14: Water Resources Chapter 15: Geologic Resources 5. Energy Resources and Consumption Notes Conventional Energy Sustainable Cities and Personal Action Sustainable Energy Vocabulary Chapter 16: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 6. Pollution Notes Pollution Types Air Pollution Water Pollution Impacts on the Environment and Human Health Vocabulary Chapter 11: Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health Chapter 17: Air and Air Pollution Chapter 19: Water Pollution Chapter 21: Solid and Hazardous Waste 7. Global Change Notes Pests Vocabulary Chapter 18: Climate Change and Ozone Loss Chapter 20: Pesticides and Pest Control Chapter 22: Sustaining Wild Species Chapter 23: Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity AP Environmental Science Formulas These short guides (also fromCourseNotes) include many of the common formulas you’ll use and need to understand for AP Environmental Science. Acid Rain Air Pollution Control and Prevention Air Pollution Formulas Ozone Formation and Destruction Photochemical Smog The Carbon Cycle The Nitrogen Cycle Additional Notes These notes don’t fit into the seven major topics of the class, but they can also be useful for your studying. Major Environmental Laws The Environmental Laws notes also come from CourseNotes, and they give a brief overview of each of the most important environmental laws that have been passed in the United States. Complete Course Overview The Complete Course Overview is from Scribd, and it gives a summary of the entire AP Environmental Science course, organized by the seven major topics. It’s a lot of information to take in all at once, but if you’d like a document that touches on all the topics you need to know for the exam, this can be a very helpful resource. AP Environmental Science Study Strategies As I mentioned above, flipping passively through your notes isn’t enough to get a high score on the AP Environmental Science exam. Follow these study tips to help you get the most out of your review. Tip 1: Think About How Topics Are Related Knowing each topic in isolation won’t help you much on the AP Environmental Science exam. Even if you know every single fact about the water cycle, if you can’t explain how it relates to other earth processes, how it affects and is affected by humans, how it has been affected by climate change, and other connections, then you’ll miss a majority of questions on the exam. AP Environmental Science is a very interdisciplinary class, and one of the foundational themes of the class is that the Earth is an interconnected system.Many questions will ask you to make connections between multiple topics, so practice doing this when you’re reviewing your notes. If you’re studying the atmosphere, for example, think about how the atmosphere affects animal and plant life on earth, how it affects other earth cycles, how it affects human populations, what the causes and effects of air pollution are, how the atmosphere is influencing and being influenced by climate change, and the changes humans can make, related to the atmosphere, to increase sustainability. Tip 2: Don't Forget About Calculations On both the multiple-choice and free-response sections of the exam, you’ll be asked to complete calculations, and these will have to be done by hand since you aren’t allowed a calculator for any part of the test.These calculations aren’t overly difficult (they’re mostly solving equations), but if you’re rusty on solving math problems by hand, you’ll want to practice this skill. Struggling or taking a long time to solve these calculation questions can easily eat into your time for other questions and prevent you from finishing the test. In order to prevent that, make sure you practice data set free-response questions and multiple-choice questions that require calculations.Looking through the Science Formulas notes above will also help you become more familiar with the calculations you may be asked to do on the exam. Tip 3: Know Major Environmental Events AP Environmental Science isn’t strictly a science class; it also includes recent and current events as well as some law, among other topics.Unlike the other AP science courses, you can’t just know the scientific aspects of environmental science;you also need to know about major environmental events. Studying the notes on Major Environmental Laws will help, and also use your notes fromclass to review other non-law environmental events.It can also be very helpful to keep up on the news and knowwhat the current major environmental issues are. Conclusion Having a set of organized notes can help you manage your AP Environmental Science studying much more easily and quickly access notes on topics you want to review.These notes cover topics from each of the course’s seven major topics, as well as vocabulary, relevant formulas, and major environmental laws. When reviewing your notes, be sure to keep these three tips in mind: Think about how topics are related Don't forget about calculations Know major environmental events What's Next? Now that you have your AP Enviro notes, how should you use them in your review? Check out this guide to see a step-by-step review plan for AP Environmental Science. Want some more practice tests and quizzes to enhance your studying? You've got it! We have a ton ofpractice resources for you to use to study for the AP Enviro exam, and, in the guide, we tell you whateach resource is best for. How many AP classes should you take? Learn exactly how many AP classes you should enroll in based on your interests and college goals. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Jerusalem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jerusalem - Essay Example Being at the center of the Israel – Palestine dispute, the city has been besieged twenty-three times, destroyed twice, attacked 52 times and captured and recaptured about 44 times, its status still an unresolved matter at the core of the two disputing countries (Bard, 2009). The annexation of East Jerusalem by Israel has been criticized by the United Nations (UN) and other international bodies, while Palestinians demand East Jerusalem as the capital of their future state, creating the now stalemate status of the conflict (ibid.). A UN Security Council Resolution 478 passed in 1980 gave the signal for most foreign embassies to move out of Jerusalem, and, on October 28, 2009, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon emphasized on the need for Israel and Palestine to agree on having Jerusalem as their mutual capital to achieve peace in the region (UN News Center online, 28 October 2009). Jerusalem must remain an undivided city, and the eternal capital of Israel under the Israeli control, since it rightfully belongs to the Israelis by historical and by religious significance as well as based on political and socio-demographic accounts. Politically, Jerusalem has been declared as Israel’s own. In the 1993 Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles (DoP), the status of Jerusalem is left open, but that Palestinian Council’s jurisdiction does not include the city, as confirmed by the Prime Minister Rabin statement that Jerusalem is not included in any sphere of the prerogatives of any body that will conduct Palestinian affairs in the territories, leaving Jerusalem under Israeli sovereignty (Bard, 2009). Further, the same agreement states that the final status of Jerusalem will be based on the UN Security Council’s Resolutions 242 and 338, which both do not mention and refer to Jerusalem in any way, as it deliberately omitted by the UN Security Cou ncil (Ibid.). Likewise, historically

Discuss supreme court case Korematsu v. United States (1944) Essay

Discuss supreme court case Korematsu v. United States (1944) - Essay Example This was quite an irrational decision because there was no evidence that these individuals were a threat to the national security of US. Walter Lippmann a well renowned columnist stated that no individual is allowed to conduct business and no individual has a right to obtain residence during a war. During the month of February of 1942, the president of US, Roosevelt accepted and signed the Executive Order 9066 (Niiya, 1993, p.16). This order provided the secretary of war with the authority to recognize certain areas as war zones and due to this label the people living in that area may be removed and restrictions of travelling within that area were even applied. Later, the in charge of the Western Defense Command labeled the entire region of the Pacific Coast as area of military due to its higher probability of being attacked (Bangarth, 2008, p.22). This led to implementation of curfews after which Japanese Americans were initially restricted to leave the area and later evacuated from the region. Later these individuals were held in prison camps because it was believed that all Japanese Americans are traitors. These actions taken by the US government were challenged in the case of Korematsu v. United States (1944) and the outcome of this case was that although the justices of t his case accepted that it was necessary for the military to relocate the Japanese Americans and the court accepted the decision taken by the government to detain Korematsu (Polenberg, 2000, p.197). The court legalized the actions taken by the government because the court believed that the action was taken as US was at war with Japan and it was correct to believe that Japanese American could involve in sabotage. The decision taken by the court during this case was quite significant in nature as the decision clearly stated that the government of US had the right to take any action such as evacuating people from their areas on racial basis. The decision even clearly stated that wartime

Scholarly Article Review Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Scholarly Article Review - Term Paper Example Studies of teacher’s shortages date back to the 1950 when the returning war veteran’s children began to tax the capacities of local schools. In the 1980, studies described both the types and extent of teacher’s shortages with emphasizes on the special education teachers. According to an article by the Robinson (2008), the reason behind the shortage is the high exit rates of the special education teachers. Due to the shortage, alternative licensure programs have come up. For example, army personnel are getting trained for a second career in education and radically intensified summer programs are replacing the four year licensure programs. Although these programs have assisted in placing more special education teachers in the classroom, the quality of both the newly licensed teachers and the teacher’s education programs is questionable. A closely related issue that according to the article by Education Commission of the States (2014) is the current merger of the special education teacher program into the overall education program. This will integrate with the already existence policies of education to fully cater for the students with the special needs to avoid any form of omissions or discrimination in the school curriculums. According to Eiken (2011) accountability of teachers working with special education students is becoming more dangerous and difficult since many of the students have severe problems. Due to the shortage of staff and the crowded classrooms, the students are prone to violent outbursts that frighten and even injure teachers. These impacts and controversies amount to only a small portion of the many issues related to special education. Teacher shortage, school reforms and inclusion are often heard in the news national wide. Although every story has two sides, extra effort is needed from teacher, the government and even the student to ensure that every story has a happy

United States And European Union Relations Research Paper

United States And European Union Relations - Research Paper Example Concurrently, the EU established the European Climate Change Programme with the intent of â€Å"identifying the most environmental-friendly and cost-effective ways to enable the EU to meet its target under the Kyoto Protocol.† The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement bridged to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Its main attribute is that it sets binding goals for 37 developed countries and the European countries for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Commission issued its schemes for a new energy policy for Europe. This represents the EU’s attempt to align its energy and climate policies. Typified as setting the pace for a â€Å"new global industrial revolution†, it asserts to commence the process of delivering a low carbon economy for Europe. However, the Commission needs to improve and expand the EUETS because of some limitations and to address criticisms. US and EU views on how to embark upon global climate c hange have been characterized by widely conflicting opinions on the significance of technology, the economic costs, the role of developing countries and the nature of importance of binding multilateral diminutions targets with or without trading means. However, with the enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol, and the recognition by the Kyoto Parties that medium to longer-term targets is likely to be complex to achieve than the previous commitment period Kyoto targets, the chance to move the pursuit of climate change agenda has arisen.

Contemporary Investigation Case Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Investigation Case Review - Essay Example The purpose of administrator is to advise the creditors on viable solutions like ending the administration and returning the companies control to board of directors, converting the administration into a creditors voluntary liquidation or have the company enter into Deed of Company Arrangement (â€Å"DOCA†) under Sec. 439C whereas the purpose of appointing the liquidator is wind up the affairs of the company by gathering its assets and distributing it to creditors and others whom the companies owe in any form resulting in deregistration of the company. (Marshall, 2006)1 Administrator is conferred with powers to exercise which were earlier exercised by the previous officers of the corporation whereas the liquidator is appointed through court with legal powers to officially or voluntarily winding up the company. (Tomasic,2 et.al. 2002,pp 743 & Marshal,3 2006) In regard to relation with forensic accountant, the administrator will be the in charge of the company and will required the forensic accountant to provide his expert opinion by determining the economic damages incurred till now whereas the liquidator will be performing the obligation of liquidation on the report of forensic accountant. Forensic accounting investigators is determined by the scope of work while find answers to the involvement, coconspirators, impact on financial statement, cause for deed, and ways to overcome the situation. The investigators should bear in mind that they are only to detect the fraud and put the facts on paper and submit the same to the in-charge officer. (Golden et.al. 2006, pp. 524)4 In order the investigate the company details regarding whether any fraudulent activity is performed and resulted in bankruptcy, a detailed and scientific plan is prepared for the purpose of investigation. Wolf Transport has history of around 26 years and therefore it is necessary to record each and

United States And European Union Relations Research Paper

United States And European Union Relations - Research Paper Example Concurrently, the EU established the European Climate Change Programme with the intent of â€Å"identifying the most environmental-friendly and cost-effective ways to enable the EU to meet its target under the Kyoto Protocol.† The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement bridged to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Its main attribute is that it sets binding goals for 37 developed countries and the European countries for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Commission issued its schemes for a new energy policy for Europe. This represents the EU’s attempt to align its energy and climate policies. Typified as setting the pace for a â€Å"new global industrial revolution†, it asserts to commence the process of delivering a low carbon economy for Europe. However, the Commission needs to improve and expand the EUETS because of some limitations and to address criticisms. US and EU views on how to embark upon global climate c hange have been characterized by widely conflicting opinions on the significance of technology, the economic costs, the role of developing countries and the nature of importance of binding multilateral diminutions targets with or without trading means. However, with the enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol, and the recognition by the Kyoto Parties that medium to longer-term targets is likely to be complex to achieve than the previous commitment period Kyoto targets, the chance to move the pursuit of climate change agenda has arisen.

Writer's option Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Writer's option - Research Paper Example Smith clarified the way competition enhances the productivity and social wellbeing by promising ideal distribution of resources and labour in the overall economy. Yet, as a pragmatist, Smith had also identified that capitalism will corrupt the competitive markets. He had also realised that in capitalist economy, certain individuals would turn out to be much wealthier and rich in comparison with others. On the assumption that there will be economic growth, the wealthy would become wealthier, however, the poor would also be more affluent. Adam Smith put substantial level of effort for establishing the theory of capitalism and how it would determine competitive markets. Even after his death, the ideas provided by Adam Smith remained significant in the fields of economy (Yardeni & Moss, 1990). Focusing on this aspect, the study examines Adam Smith’s explanation of competitive market. The study also delineates the way in which Adam Smith has viewed the present competitive markets and the manner in which these markets work. In relation to this, the study defines how the rule of exchange works in a competitive market for determining the prices. Capitalism is an economic structure which protects private property and allows free trade in the competitive markets. In capitalism system, individuals are allowed to follow self-interests as long as these interests are controlled by competition and society obtains advantages from lower expenses and increased choices. However, the problem related to capitalism is that self-interest has a natural tendency for collusion and corruption. In other words, capitalists tend to pursue power and to exploit it in order to rigout the market in their favour at the cost of economic disadvantage (Yardeni & Moss, 1990). Adam Smith often cited capitalism as a supporter of free market which signifies deregulation. A deregulated market where government has low

The Team That Wasnt Essay Example for Free

The Team That Wasnt Essay Fire Art is a family owned business in the glass making industry based out of Indiana. The company has an 80 year history of producing high quality and high priced glass merchandise. About 18 month ago, sales and earnings bottomed out which drove the need to implement a strategic realignment plan to have the business running and winning within six months. The problem in this case is building a collaborative team with various backgrounds and skills to create a strategic realignment plan in the glass industry to take on the competition, build brand loyalty, increase sales and maximize earnings. Assumptions The assumptions in the case are the employees lack of knowledge of the family business being in trouble due to flat earnings and sales, participation in a team environment now needed versus contributing individually, the Directors of each division needs help with learning how to collaboratively operate and co-exist together to achieve company objectives, the company is not technologically savvy with the necessary tools to compete, and the company is not known nationally or global in their industry. Some of the key issues in the case are Team Dynamics, Team Development, Leadership Styles, Managerial Decisions, and Industry Competition which are discussed in further detailed as follows. Team Dynamics Team Dynamics plays a key role when forming a team because it is important to ensure the team is cohesive with positive energy. The team would need to reflect not only individual ideas but be mutual and complementary as they reach the goals set for the team. Team base activities are becoming standard in todays business environments. Having a team establishes a way for businesses to collaboratively reach their objectives and hold each other accountable for the tasks at hand. Teamwork is everywhere. More than ever before organizations are recognizing the types of situations for which group work can provide a key competitive advantage (Miller, 2003 p 121). Eric, the Director of Strategy had experience working in a team environment in his previous job function, however he lacked the experience needed for team development not utilized in a family business. Team Development Various reasons, such as different objectives, priorities, personalities, perceptions, methods and styles get in the way of having effective members on a team (Adkins, 2004). Teams are very conventional in new management thinking and have become a main stay in many businesses for collaboration of ideas, goals, and strategies. However, when having a team, there may be members who are not accustomed to a team environment and cause division within the team as they try to reach their objectives. To maintain team performance, it is increasingly important to ensure each individual on the team have high emotional intelligence. The premise for linking emotional intelligence to team performance is that high emotional intelligence enables team members to manage and be aware of their own emotions and the emotions of other team members (Jordan Troth, 2004). Emotional awareness and emotional management are essential attributes for team performance because they cultivate effective relationships with fellow workers to enhance team dynamics. Leadership Style Leadership skills are integral to team dynamics and development in order for the team to perform proficiently. Leadership encompass many styles and variations based upon several factors that make up the individual leader. Forbes magazine highlights four key styles of leadership, which are Visionary, Empathetic, Humble Servitude, and Moral or Ethical (Karlgaard, 2009). These key leadership traits work together when running a major business like Fire Art. Jack, the CEO, ran the company based on his family values and lacked the vision needed to forecast changes in the glass industry. To know and understand yourself is fundamental to knowing and understanding others and motivating them to follow your vision as a leader (Youngblood, 2010). There are several leadership resources available to develop oneself not only at the CEO level but at all levels in order for the company to achieve its objective in the marketplace and within their own businesses with employees. What family businesses value and believe about people, work, and money shapes their behavior toward their business and their employees. Without shared values, it is difficult to create a sense of direction for the business. Managerial Decisions The decisions that managers make when running a business, forming teams, or creating strategies are very important for the overall health of the business. Fire Art limited itself strictly in the Mid-Western region and did not embrace expansion outside of it current market area. This decision may have worked for many years in the company but it restricted its growth which allowed competition to gain market share in their industry. It is also imperative that management from a Senior level ensure their employees are aware of the direction the company wants to take in regards to increasing market share, sales and earnings particularly if they see a downward trend in those areas. Hence, the CEO vision for their business or company becomes increasingly important along with the belief the company has a viable product or service the consumer wants. A manager with strong beliefs about the right course of action will attract subordinates with similar beliefs. This alignment of beliefs between managers and workers in the same company gives direction to the firm and affects incentives and coordination (Wen Zhou, 2009). The CEO of Fire Art believes he can turn his family business around with a comprehensive plan for strategic realignment in the glass industry. He has made a key decision by tapping into his subordinates resources and skills along with bringing in a consultant to facilitate the process. Every business has to examine its own situation and decide what constitutes the critical aspects of its own environment (Heller, 1972). The Fire Art is a family own business without any mass production or national distribution. The business did not embrace current technologies or market strategies for their current industry and therefore needs to reexamine its needs in the marketplace. The use of information technology and the Internet between small family businesses and their economic environment enables resource exchange and electronic interaction inside the company, with their client base and vendors (Niehm, Tyner, Shelly, Fitzgerald, 2010). Fire Art has to fine tune their business in the technology area to keep ahead of their competition and remain competitive in the glass industry. Industry Competition Constant changes can be expected in products, in product lines, and models of existing products in a competitive society (Cassady, 1964). With the evolution of various products, todays technology plays an intricate part in how a business competes with their competition. Design, Manufacturing, and Distribution are all key roles that are intertwined together to put out the best product to the marketplace. Its imperative that businesses stay abreast of the new technologies as it relates to their industry in order to stay ahead or compete against their competitors. Fire Art is a family owned business that has stood the test of time for about 80 years as a high end glass manufacturer. Because of this, their Brand has longevity against the competitors in regards to standing out in the industry. In modern times, brands and brand management have become a central feature of the modern economy and a staple of business theory and business practice (Desai Waller, 2010). Fire Art can utilize their brand to propel them forward as realign and restructure their business to take on the competition in glass industry. Recommendations The plan of action is for the CEO to hold a companywide meeting to address the trouble the company is facing and why strategic repositioning needs to take place now. In order for the strategic repositioning to be effective and provide impact to the earnings and revenue, the CEO needs to incorporate senior level management in the newly formed team. Because the CEO has already brought in a Strategic Director for the job, he should allow Eric to interview the potential team members before forming the team to ensure the goals and objectives can be met. Once the team is formed a monthly report should be provided to the CEO to assess the progress of the strategic realignment. The CEO has requested the strategic repositioning to be done in six months. The recommendation here is to have a comprehensive plan in place in six months and then implement the plan in next six months to give the team time to work out any issues or factors that may prevent the team from reaching the ultimate objective of repositioning the company. In order to mitigate any problems that may arise during team development, it is recommended the selected team participants undergo the Stages of Group Development Model by Bruce Tuckman. Training and development is recommended for all employees to increase and maintain their current skills so they continue to be a valuable mployee to the company efforts to reposition. The company as a whole needs to invest and implement new technologies to have their product put to market faster to keep abreast of the competition. Currently Fire Art is limited to the Mid-Western region for their glass products. It would be advisable to look at expanding nationwide in the United States and then Globally. A market analysis should be conducted in regards to new design trends, pricing, manufacturing, distribution and other factors in regards to re-branding the family business beyond the Mid-Western footprint.

Impacts Of A Natural Or Man Made Disaster Tourism Essay

Impacts Of A Natural Or Man Made Disaster Tourism Essay Introduction Over the years the worlds poorest countries have become popular tourist destinations, drawing visitors with images of exotic environments and cultures (Harrison, 1995; WTO, 2004). Increasing cheap and easy travel has made long distance vacations a reality. Tourism countries is growing steadily in developing, urged by this governments, and by the international community, which includes the World Bank, as a means of encouraging economic diversi ¬Ã‚ cation, stimulating local incomes and earning most foreign exchange (Brohman, 1996; Christie, 2001; Harrison, 1995; Markandya et al., 2004; WTO, 2002, 2004, 2005; WTTC, 2005).But Tourism industry is prone to fluctuate and is a uncertain strategy which often strikes with minimal warning. Tourism promotion could be an economic relief to many developing and under developing countries but, if situations to become unfavourable; it could affect the ones engaged in a worse economic situation than they were before when introduced to tourism. The risks of over-concentration on a single sector of the economy can be high (Feenstra Hanson, 1996) and this is especially true in poor counties of the world where tourism domineers the economy. The island of Bali in Indonesia is one example, peace was wrecked by terrorist bombs in October 2002, and again in October 2005. The bombs which exploded in October 2002 killed 202 people this was only the beginning, the immediate impact on it was devastating. More than 18,700 scared tourists fled Bali in three days, which is three times as more than during a normal month. After the first two weeks after the attack, visitor arrivals dropped by 80%. And hotel occupancy plunged from 73% to just 14% after the attack. Within a week of the attack major tour operators promptly drew back their holiday programmes from Bali and resorts throughout Indonesia. This paper aims at proposing marketing strategies that could be adopted in Bali, to revoke Tourism after its terrorist attacks. They are Marketing Product, Promotion and distribution systems, Prices and retargeting. This paper will discuss all the strengths and weakness of these marketing strategies and also present a conclusion based on strategies which can be adopted to alleviate the impacts of terrorism in Bali. Marketing In Tourism: Industry dont `evolve . Instead time eager to overturn the present industry order challenge `accepted practise, redraw segment boundaries, set new price performance expectations and re-invent the product or service concept (Hamel and Prahalad,1994:303). Marketing and promotions are the key factors that should be considered when tourism industry has been shattered in a country that has suffered a crisis. Marketing Bali after terrorist attack is mainly bringing back economy to the country by the means of tourism since its economy majorly depends on tourism. There are several marketing strategies which can be implemented such as Promotion and distribution, Prices and Re targeting. Promotion and distribution systems Innovative techniques such as internet play a very important role in promotion and distribution channel in terms of volume and gathering information to choose trips and buy tourism services at the lowest possible price. A considerable increase in Internet sales has opened up a new way to improve and develop the management of distribution in the businesses. Systems integrate functions such as: marketing, information, sales and end-product integration by pulling together all the elements of a tourism trip. Due to its unique characteristics, growing number of countries are promoting their products through the Internet. Distribution no longer depends on traditional channels, that is, operators and travel agencies. The reduction or elimination of commissions on ticket sales and car hires is leading to the establishment of service fees, which is a fixed amount in many cases, and to a growing emphasis on the consulting or advisory function of travel agents. Virtual distribution channels are or tend to be interactive television, call centres, direct sales via the Internet, and websites of conventional travel agencies. The role of tour operators, traditionally associated with conventional sun-and-sand holidays, is being contained. There is a continuing trend towards consolidation and vertical integration among tour operators. In order to adapt to demand, they are also becoming more flexible and are segmenting their products to a greater degree. Among the objectives of this consolidation processes are: to better control operating costs, to make better use of their airplanes and to use their information systems more efficiently. Among travel agencies, cooperatives are gaining increased prominence using a model that has been successful in the United States, as well as the establishment of a mix of distribution channels that take advantage of new technologies. The management of the chain of production is geared towards profitability, with key strategies being: increasing the load factor of own planes, achieving economies of scale, reducing risk by diversifying into new markets and consolidating brands that cover various products in order to increase customer loyalty. The Internet has a growing role but has not yet displaced print publications, television and radio, especially coupled with direct marketing, the Internet itself, the specialized press and special promotions. A message to address safety concerns must be issued in order to let people know that the Bali has tightened up its security and it is now safe for the tourist. Bali tourism officials can plan to invite all their major travel agents check new safety measures which has been implemented. Travel agents provide bulk hotel bookings; it is very important to encourage them to take personal tours to make them aware of all new security measures implemented. This will create a good image of Bali to travel agents so they feel confident on promoting Bali as a tourist destination again. It can also invite important trade partners. Concerning security and safety, JATA (Japan Association of Travel Agents), China National Tourism Administration (CNTA), Singapore Travel Agencies expressesing their satisfaction with heightened security measures implemented in the aftermath blast which can help improve tourism form Japan, China and Singapore. Advertisements. Diplomatic and celebrity endorsement can be done to bring up the market. Advertisement about a new refreshing image of Bali introducing new ideas such as surfing, honeymoon vacation, religious tourism can be enhanced better. But advertisements have to be targeted carefully. For instance, Caribbean islands invested a massive US$16 million publicity campaign to attract US tourist and tourist were still diminishing, This campaign had been suspended until and after the congressional elections of 5th November 2002. Americans were clearly not in the mood for travel, and no amount of advertising seems to be able to change. Prices: Prices are strongly influence travel purchase decisions. Price strategies have varied from straight price reductions, discounts for accompanying persons or even free travel for accompanying children, to added services. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have been especially affected by the downward trend in the price of tourism services. According to the International Federation of Tour Operators, we have gone through a year of falling demand, which has been stimulated through pricing. The effect of this factor is to reduce business revenues. Destinations with the best prices and where tour operators have own accommodations have a certain advantage of others. Use price follow PR with attractive price-led offers: both Malaysia and Sri Lanka did this very successfully post September 11th. Domestic airlines, including the national flag carrier Garuda and its subsidiary Merpati airlines, are to offer special discounts for visitors coming to Bali for the Muslim holiday of Idul Fitri, and also for Christmas and the New Year. The Indonesian Tourism Ministry and the Bali Tourist Board will work with the industry to prepare special, affordable holiday packages. Retargeting Domestic the Chairman of the Bali Tourist Board has stated: For the time being it would be wiser to focus first on the domestic market. It is appreciated that the domestic market has far lower spending power that the international one, but it can at least serve to keep the product functioning even though profits will be low. Indonesias 1000 Steps to Bali domestic promotion campaign was launched on 2nd November. The Government has announced that it will rework the public holiday calendar to create more long weekends, thus boosting the domestic market. Intraregional Singapore, for example, will concentrate on India and China, both markets likely to be less affected by this type of event. Malaysians too are apparently unphased by the events in Bali, according to feedback from MATTA, the countrys biggest travel fair: they are responding avidly to good value offers. Indonesia is also aiming to promote more in the Middle East (currently only 0.8% of total visitors). The Government has instructed all state companies, as well as encouraging private ones, to hold their corporate functions in Bali. Experienced travellers, not first timers first timers are naturally more nervous. Individuals with a passion: special interest markets held up remarkably well post September 11th. Sport, culture, newlyweds anything which gives a distinctive impetus to a trip should be targeted. Co-operation The main lessons which the tourism industry learned post September 11th is the importance of working together. The type of co-operation which it can be so hard to achieve in normal circumstances like even persuading two resorts in the same country to advertise together starts to happen spontaneously in times of crisis. The Australian Tourism Task Forces immediate reaction to the attack in Bali was: This means getting our marketing agencies together so that we have a co-ordinated campaign to remind Australians about the advantages of travelling at home and to remind the rest of the world that Australia remains a safe place for a holiday. Good security also requires national co-operation between Ministers, police, local authorities and the private sector. But the emphasis on co-operation post September 11th went wider than this. Commercial organisations and Governments started to work together more closely, not only across sector groups, but also across geographical boundaries. For example, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji came together to do joint advertising. It is important that the WTO should keep encouraging this trend. ASEAN, which held their 8th Summit between the 4th and 7th of November in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, had signed an important new Tourism Cooperation and Promotion Agreement. Malaysian Tourism Minister Abdul Kadir Sheikh Fadzir said the decision to deepen tourism cooperation was made two years ago but the Bali tragedy had given it more urgency. The 10 member grouping (plus 3 affiliated countries China, Japan and Korea) aims to promote the area as a single tourism destination in the international market, launch joint marketing programmes, introduce thematic tour packages to specific areas of interest, and harmonise visa issuance to foreigners. But the core theme of the pact is to boost intra-regional movement by phasing out travel taxes and extending visa exemptions to ASEANs 500 million citizens. The pact also aims to establish an integrated network of tourism and travel services, to encourage commercial agreements among regional airlines and to promote cruising, travel by ferries and lei sure boats. ASEAN feels that if they stop visiting each other, the terrorists will have won. But, in an illustration of the complexity of the current situation, John Koldowski from PATA commented that it was the right move for ASEAN to turn inward to revive the industry but it must not compromise national security in its rush to facilitate movement within the region. Product: We can develop events as part of the recovery phase, for instance, Indonesia will on 15thNovember invite the families of the victims to a special service in Bali to pray together. This will reinforce in a respectful way the generic spiritual image of the destination. Tour operators, airlines and cruise lines, and strive to maintain capacity. Governments need to work closely with the industry in difficult times to ensure that there is not a damaging loss of product which could limit recovery when better times come. Conclusion Promotion and distributions, Co operation and Prices inter connecting play a vital part while marketing a tourist destination. Promotion and distributions is a huge channel of communication through various sources of media like television, radios, news and newspaper, internet etc We can make a renewed image on Bali with proper media sources which will create a positive impact for tourists or travel agents. Thus it has power to reach people and can make a good impression. Co operation also is a very key strategy in marketing a destination where its needs supports from various countries to develop tourism. Good security also requires national co-operation between Ministers, police, local authorities and the private sector. Commercial organisations and Governments can work closely in joint advertising which such as straight price reductions, discounts for accompanying persons or even free travel for accompanying children, to added services and other offers which can help redeem the econ omy of Bali.

Case Study - AOL/Time Warner :: essays research papers

AOL Time Warner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On December 14, 2000, the Federal Trade Commission approved the planned merger of AOL and Time Warner after both companies pledged to â€Å"protect consumer choice† both now and in the future. The AOL Time Warner merger was approved by the Federal Communications Commission on January 11, 2001, and is the biggest merger in corporate history, then estimated at a total market value of $350 billion. The merger created a ‘powerhouse’ of new and traditional media. AOL Time Warner has led the union of the media, entertainment, communications and Internet industries. Throughout the years the face of media and entertainment industries has changed drastically as a result of increased technology. The popularity of newspapers gave way to other forms of media and entertainment such as magazines, television, cable, music, and most recently the Internet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet boom of the 1990’s gave rise to the popularity of America Online AOL and Time Warner saw themselves at a crossroads where old and new media would become one. The histories of both AOL and Time Warner are extensive and have not always been successful. Time Warner itself was created by two mega-mergers. The first merger was in 1989 between Time Inc., publisher of many magazines such as Time Magazine, and Warner Communications. Both companies have histories stretching as far back as 75 years or so. In 1996, this company merged with Turner Broadcasting, which brought CNN with its founder Ted Turner. These two mergers created a company ready to lead in any form of media. The company launched the HBO television network. Time Warner, headquartered in New York, had $27.3 billion in revenues in 1999 and a market value of $112.6 billion. On the other side of the merger there is new media giant AOL, today the biggest, richest, and most successful internet company in the world. It was founded in 1985 as Quantum Computer Services and by 1994, after changing its name, had a million subscribers. In its early years, it almost fell because of the problems associated with introducing unlimited access for a fixed monthly fee. As its number of users increased, so did its capacity problems, which made many customers angry because they could not get a connection. The problem was solved when AOL made a deal with MCI WorldCom, which led merge with its rival CompuServe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1998, AOL acquired Netscape for $4 billion in a deal that knocked off its rival Microsoft.

Engineering Project Management Essay

Typical Practice Estimating time to undertake design and drafting tasks, such as the crafting of blueprints for the construction of wooden furniture (e.g. stool, desk, chest) by an expert and the creation of blueprints for buildings of commercial establishments by an architect, requires the method of estimating labor costs. After all, cost estimates require time estimates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Computing the labor cost (technically called as the direct labor cost in management accounting) proceeds by adding the worker’s base rate and indirect payroll costs, such as government securities and insurance. The result is multiplied with the worker’s labor hours. The product of the operation is the labor cost. If labor cost is known and the estimated labor hour is unknown, the manager only has to work around the equation to obtain the estimated time of performing the task. This is the easiest method for the manager, and also the most unreliable because it relies on past data of labor costs. It relies on past data of labor costs because an empirical method is needed, which this method does not include. In such a case, this method is just mere ‘speculation’. It is not an ‘estimation’ in the proper sense of the term because there are no trials and errors done to gather data. From this, there is also a differentiation between ‘past data’ and ‘empirical data’. Past data are also empirical data, but they are gathered in the past, therefore acquiring a less accurate information. Empirical data, after all, require certain use of tools to be obtained. Also, it is unreliable because if the company is new, it cannot use this method—there is no recorded information regarding past operations. Only a long-existing company can benefit from this method of estimating labor hours.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One problem in estimating the time and cost in performing design and drafting jobs is that managers can only speculate about the amount of time required by a specific job. For instance, the manager of a firm that designs and produces musical instruments can not know exactly how long in a day can a staff of twenty finishes a certain number of musical instruments. Time is a variable that depends on the quality and quantity of tools, materials, equipment, and workers assigned in performing tasks. In the example of designing musical instruments, the manager should know how long each instrument is designed in its entirety by a specific worker. It would help to get an average rate for this. Afterwards, the average rate will be multiplied to the number of instruments to be designed. If one stops here, this is an incomplete method of computing labor time. The manager should get the time it took the labor to prepare for the task, and how long it took him to bring the musical instrument to the corresponding collectors of the aforementioned products in the management system. Then, the sum is multiplied with the distance of the labor from the shop or wherever he is taking the musical instruments. The resulting product is then added to the product of the average rate and the number of instruments to be designed. Another method in estimating the labor time is by taking the average hours of preceding homogenous tasks. In creating a musical instrument, the manager gets the time it took for a worker to complete one instrument. He then obtains data from the proceeding tasks. By getting the average of the values, we obtain the average hours. Variability and Contingencies The accuracy of the first method is low. First, there is a huge possibility of error in relying past data or performance. A company that designs cars ought to measure the time and cost of labor through direct empirical methods, such as obtaining the rates by which workers accomplish their jobs. However, this method depends on the accuracy of historical data. If historical data are inaccurate, there is a 100% tendency that the result of using this method will produce inaccuracies. This is not recommended for companies because it is not an engineering standard.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second method is more empirical and far more accurate than the first method. Considering the computation of the average rate, one can not be sure of the precision of this statistical tool. Using the mean, median or mode as a way to produce data for the estimation of the time and cost of labor is inefficient. It is recommended that a variance analysis be conducted so that deviations will be taken into consideration. After all, workers are not robots. They have higher levels of inefficiency and inconsistency of output. A worker has fluctuating labor rates. The time he finishes a job fluctuates in hours or minutes, thereby changing the amount of labor cost. Using the variance analysis as a statistical method in obtaining work rates is more efficient. When this is done, it makes the second estimation method more accurate because deviant cases, or changes in time and labor costs, are taken into consideration. The variance analysis can also be applied on the third method, which also relies on using the mean, median or mode. Since averages are less reliable than doing a variance analysis, the third method can be inaccurate. More statistical methods are needed. Monitoring and Updating As the design and drafting tasks proceed, the practices used to update estimates are the following: regular, intermittent, and periodical recording of average rates in designing and drafting jobs. The practice of having a regular recording system, which requires inputs for every day of labor, is the most accurate but also the most costly. Therefore, it is far from inefficient. Only a huge company can take advantage of this, if there is a high risk involved in not monitoring the time and cost of labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An intermittent recording practice entails intermediate accuracy and cost. This requires inputs every week, month or quarter of the year, depending on the needs of the company to monitor the progress of the fluctuations in time and cost of labor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A periodical recording practice is the least costly, but has the risk of being inaccurate because it does not measure everything. It only measures the fluctuations in time and cost of labor between points in time, and not within a span of time. References: Baskette, C. (2006). Avoided cost estimation and post-reform funding allocation for California’s energy efficiency programs. Electricity Market Reform and Deregulation, 31, 1084-1099. Farsi, Mehdi. (2006). Cost efficiency in the Swiss gas distribution sector. Energy Economics, 28, 1050-1062. ASSIGNMENT 2 (Y) Basis for Project Methodology The specific method chosen for a certain project is based on the inherent characteristics of that project. There are as many methods as there are kinds of projects. The basis for choosing a method depends on the variables that differentiate one project from another, like the level of complexity involved in the activity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following is the list of factors that may be the basis of project methodology: Project area Level of complexity Type of communication used   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the many considerations in project methodology decision-making is the project area. Is the project small, medium, or large? Even this question requires some thinking, since the size of a project is arbitrary. It depends on the sizes of other projects the manager or company considers as points of comparison. The area of the project may mean the geographical area concerned. For instance, an electric company that aims to build a network of electric facilities may be one kilometer by 500 meters. Judging whether this is small, medium, or large varies from one project to another. There may have been other similar projects built, requiring only two or three hectares of land. In such cases, this project may be considered large in area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The area can also be seen in terms of influence. In the example of an electric company building a network of electric facilities, the area may mean the number of households it would serve. Again, judging whether a number of ten-thousand households is small, medium or large depends on other similar projects made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another basis is the level of complexity involved in the project. Complexity can be measured by how many interactions among units are required to accomplish a task, and judging the data whether the project system is simple or complex. In the above example, measuring the complexity of building a network of electric facilities may require determining the organization of managers and workers that are involved in the project. Some organizations interact according to hierarchy. These kinds of organizations tend to be simple because there are defined ways on how the units interact among one another. Some, which are more complex, require units to interact in different ways. To put it concretely, let us say that the electric company assigns the maintenance department to be always under the engineering department, which means that the staff would only take commands from the latter. This is a simple scenario. A complex scenario would be when the company assigns the maintenance department to communicate with the other divisions of the company in accomplishing its own task. The connection between complexity and method is that the complexity determines the method. After knowing a project’s level of complexity, the method may then be configured depending on this information.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third basis is communication. What is the message of the project? What are the kinds of media used? For whom is the message? These are significant things to take in mind when characterizing what sort of communication exists in an activity. Is the electric company making use of an intranet, which simplifies complex interactions? What tools are used for one division to communicate with another? Are telephones preferred over online chatting between departments?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is also significant to determine the contexts in which communication occurs. Is it one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many? Determining this also affects the level of complexity of the project. A one-to-one communication is simple but slow and inefficient. A one-to-many communication is fast and efficient, but the message reception loses quality. Many-to-many communication is fast and complex, thereby increasing the level of complexity in the project. Decisions regarding matters on communication are only part of choosing what methodology to use. Criteria for Best Project Methodology In order to illustrate how one method is better than another given a specific project, let us take the following popular methods in project management: Waterfall Development, Rational Unified Process, and Extreme Programming (Asrilhant, 2005). These are the best methods in project management because they generally are flexible to different factors, like budget and project size. They compliment each other. One strategy’s weakness is another’s strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the project has high budget, one may say that the Waterfall Development is the best method for it. That is because this method requires little or zero corrections in inputs. This is possible because the planning function of the management is more crucial. A low budget means a high risk to undertake the project. Therefore, quality planning is indispensable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For instance, if the electric company funds a 5-hectare electric network facility 30% lower than similar projects, the management has to undertake Waterfall Development. This means the planning function is geared on decreasing costs. There will be much labor required on the part of engineers and analysts to increase the level of certainty in inputs. The company cannot afford to do experimentations and much testing. High technical proficiency is required.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the project entails intermediate risk, and there is an intermediate number of staff who would man it, then the Rational Unified Process may be used as the best methodology. This is because risk management is balanced with a medium amount of budget or allowance for failure in inputs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the electric company funds a 10-hectare electric network facility 2% lower than similar projects, the management may afford to increase the costs of testing and experimenting with inputs to produce outputs in electric services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, if there is a need for regular testing and experimentation of inputs, and corrections in testing failures, then the Extreme Programming may be undertaken as the best methodology. Budget given here is high, and the risks are lower. The population of staff is also considerably higher than the two other methodologies. Here, the management can afford to run the risk of losing resources, albeit with prudence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Determining which method is best for a project requires measuring the amount of risks associated with the project, the budget allocated for the activity, the number of participants in the staff, and the affordability of the project to receive failing outputs. References: Asrilhant, Boris. (2005). On the strategic project management process in the UK indutrial sector. Omega, 35, 89-103. ASSIGNMENT 3 Alternative Classification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rationale of having a new project classification is to respond against the inefficiencies of the older classifications. The project method concerns itself much on the processes and ways on how tasks are carried out in the activity. However, it is too formalistic and technical. It is formalistic because it is focused on empirical observations. It is too technical because it does not leave room for speculation and theorizing. There is a huge chance that it will lose sight of the project’s objectives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The project end-product, being goal-oriented, is weak on the part of specific matters. It may lose sight on technical issues such as the method of computation to use in estimating labor costs. If a firm that manufactures cars undertake an activity in which the project is classified as belonging under the project end-product, the managers will fall short on practicality. Important details are missed, like the choosing of a certain metal as a material in making automobiles. There may be one end-product but there are many methods in which inputs can be processed into outputs. These methods determine the level of costs associated with the production. If a company is too concerned about output, it loses sight on the possibility of gaining productivity by merely choosing the method. This is to say that a new classification is needed—a new classification that would account for the weaknesses of project methodology and project end-product. Since the two classifications do not take into consideration certain factors of production and labor, which are important determinants of the success of a project, a new chosen classification is labeling projects according to the types of constraints. The traditional constrains in a project are the following: Time Cost Production Labor These variables define the shape or form of the project. Changing one variable changes the whole project in its entirety. To illustrate, assume that an automobile manufacturing company undertakes a project of creating fifty units of luxury cars. The time constraint associated with the project makes it different from all the other projects with similar methods and end-products. For instance, this project is similar to five other projects whose goals are also to create fifty units of luxury cars. The only hypothetical difference is the amount of days required to accomplish it. This is to say that a project is different from another when there is a significant time interval between the required time to accomplish one project and the required time to accomplish another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it is too trivial if the manager only relies on the time constraint. Costs are also important contributors of project type determination. The amount of money allotted for a budget determines the influence of the project on the area it is being undertaken, and on the unit is serving. This is an indispensable category because the cost also gives way to knowing the area and quality of the project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the car company gives a budget to a car-manufacturing project which is 50% lower than that of another project with similar end-product, then the two projects are different because the former is constrained in using resources. It must tap the planning function of the management at its best, because it cannot afford high risks and high expenses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Production is a consequence of the cost constraint. The number of cars to be produced by the company depends on the allotted budget in producing these cars. Consequently, this is also related to labor in the sense that, if the budget is low and the production is high, then the labor must be intensive. It is empirically impossible to increase labor if the budget remains the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In short, projects can be classified according to the variability of their traditional constraints. They be classified as the following: Long-term undertaking, high-budgeted, labor intensive. Mid-term undertaking, with intermediate budget, intermediate production, and medium labor intensiveness. Short-term undertaking, low-budgeted, small production, and low concentration in labor. This is not to say that there are only three ways to classify projects. There are different permutations of classifying them because a project can be both long-term and low-budgeted, short-term and high-budgeted, and the like. There are twenty-seven combinations possible for the project manager. It is helpful for the project manager because there are varied choices to be undertaken with this typology. Enhancement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This classification gives an enhanced understanding of project management because the inefficiencies of project end-product and project method are revealed and solved. The old classification system is poor because there are only small categories where projects fall under. In logic, the lesser concepts there are to stand for heterogeneous things, the more abstract the ideas become. By taking into consideration the traditional constraints of a project, and basing from it to form a new project classification, one achieves a more concrete and detailed description of the different projects that are to be executed. Project classification, through this kind of classification, becomes more useful not only as a mere science of classification. It also helps management keep an improved system of managing the projects, thereby increasing productivity and output quality. This project classification also enhances the understanding on the content of projects. Project method concerns itself with the processed item but not the one being processed. Project end-product concerns itself with the output but not the materials or inputs that led to its creation. This classification gives a new lens through which projects are seen by the manager. References: Project management. Retrieved September 4, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management#Project_systems

Bart Simpson: Horney’s Psychoanalytic Social Theory Essay

Psychology of Personality Bart Simpson is the oldest son of Homer and Marge Simpson on the Fox TV show The Simpsons. At only 10 years of age, Bart has already established himself in the community and in his family as a trouble-maker. He is the oldest child in his family with two younger sister, Maggie and Lisa. To Karen Horney, Bart’s experiences with his parents would greatly influence his future personality. Bart’s interactions with his father, Homer, provide a perfect situation for the analysis of a parents influence on personality development. Homer’s relationship with Bart and the other children is very dysfunctional to say the least. His interactions with his son most often consist of a highly angered reaction to something that Bart has done at which point Homer lashes out, strangling Bart. According to Horney, when children experience a lack of affection from their parents this can lead to future feelings of isolation. The anxiety that stems from these feelings effect one’s interactions with other people; whether the are withdrawn, move toward, or move against others. We can see from Bart’s interactions with others on the show that he is actively moving against others. His behavior is often defiant and he strives to master every situation he finds himself in. As he exploits the weaknesses of others to gain respect and attention, he is working to relieve the feelings of basic anxiety that stem from his realtionship with his father. Bart has two true friends, Milhouse and Ralph Wiggum, both of whom are outcasts socially and look to Bart as a leader. These types of relationships, according to Horneyian theory, satisfy Bart’s neurotic need for power and exploit as well as his neurotic need for personal admiration. As Bart’s interpersonal relationships have been effected by his relationship with his father, so too has his perception of himself. Horney believed that basic anxiety can also have intrapsychic consequences as well. Bart’s earlier conflicts with his father could effect his journey towards self-realization and result in an idealized self-image and a neurotic search for glory. That Bart has an idealized self-image is apparent from his behavior an can be observed as he acts out against authority as if there are no consequences for his actions. His belief that he is in control  of every situation is an example of the neurotic perception of his own â€Å"exalted faculties.† Bart’s relationship with his father, following Horneyian Psychoanalytic Social Theory, would greatly impact his personality development. To anyone who has seen The Simpsons, it is obvious that Bart’s anti-social behavior is a product of his dysfunctional family life and specifically, his realtionship with his father.