Unit 6 p7 Health and Social Care

P7-Describe the jobs, duties and vocation pathways of 3 wellbeing or social vehicle laborers. Social specialist: Social laborers structure associations with individuals and help them to live more effectively inside their neighborhood networks by helping them discover answers for their issues. Social work includes connecting with customers themselves as well as their families and companions just as working intimately with different associations including the police, nearby power divisions, schools and the probation service.Social work can be an unpleasant vocation, you should be efficient as there is a huge degree of managerial work †and time the executives abilities are urgent. A social laborer is required to evaluate, audit and keep up records of explicit cases, all inside certain time spans while accomplishing set norms of care and offering support clients and their families with the assistance they need. The job and obligations of a social specialist are wide and changed, yet by and large they incorporate the arrangement of direction and backing, with a primary spotlight on permitting the administration client to in the end bolster themselves however much as could reasonably be expected. Comparative article: Unit 4 M1A social laborer has a particular job and should enlist with the Social Care Council so as to function as a social specialist. Social specialists additionally need to show that they have embraced the necessary preparing and improvement. There are a few errands that solitary an enrolled social specialist utilized by a nearby authority may attempt. These include: †¢Undertaking youngster assurance examinations. †¢Undertaking beginning, center, encourage and selection evaluations. †¢Developing and driving the Child Protection (or CIN) plan. †¢Initiating lawful procedures to apply for a scope of requests including conceding youngsters to the consideration framework and setting them for adoption.There are different courses to turning into a social specialist, yet you should increase an expert capability in social work (for the most part at degree level) either on a full-time or low maintenance premise. This is offered at undergrad and postg raduate master’s level. It is additionally conceivable to take a degree course joining social work with emotional wellness or learning incapacity nursing. To turn into a social specialist, you will require a social work degree. The degree course takes 3 years to finish in England, Wales and Northern Ireland †and 4 years in Scotland.Before being acknowledged onto a social work degree course, you should show that you comprehend what social work is about and have had an involvement with social work or social consideration. Your past experience could be paid work involvement with a related field, for example, a carer or it could be deliberate understanding inside a consideration or social work setting. It will assist you with assessing your own qualities and shortcomings, just as giving a comprehension of exactly what kind of work is associated with a profession as a social worker.Demand for social work degree places is amazingly high so the better your evaluations and the n ature of your important experience, the more possibility you will have of increasing a spot. To get a spot on a social work degree course in England you will require: at least 5 GCSE's at grade A* to C †two of these MUST be English and Maths †¢You will likewise require at least 2 A levels At certain colleges this prerequisite can be higher. You should check the necessities at the college of your choice.Middlesex college, London: Admission to the MA Social Work degree at Middlesex University requires a higher below average distinctions degree or above (I. e. 2:1 or above). Capacity to finish composed and numeracy assessments at GCSE grade C level (tried as a major aspect of the choice procedure). The college of Northampton: Applicants must have grade C GCSE science and grade C English or proportionate. A commonplace offer would be 260-300 UCAS levy focuses. National Salary Data National Salary Data Salary? 19,196 †? 32,666 Bonus? 0. 00 †? 3,013 Total Pay ? 19,166 †? 37,005The normal compensation for a Social Worker in the UK is ? 29,074 Midwife: Midwives regularly portray their activity as ‘privileged'. The job they have in planning ladies for the conveyance of new life makes them a crucial nearness during all phases of pregnancy, work and the early postnatal period. The job is requesting and conveys a lot of duty. More maternity specialists presently work in the network, offering types of assistance in ladies' homes, neighborhood facilities, youngsters' focuses and GP medical procedures. There additionally a lot of chances for birthing assistants to take a shot at antenatal, work and postnatal wards and neonatal units.There are right now no national least scholastic section prerequisites for passage into maternity care courses. As an outcome, each advanced education foundation (HEI) running courses sets its own measures. All candidates must have the option to exhibit proof of education and numeracy. For numeracy this incorporates proof of capacity to: Accurately control numbers as applied to volume, weight, and length, (counting, expansion, deduction, division, duplication, utilization of decimals, parts, and rates) to incorporate utilizing a calculator.For education this incorporates proof of capacity to: Read and appreciate (in English or Welsh) and to convey plainly and viably recorded as a hard copy to incorporate utilizing a word processor. For section onto a pre-enlistment degree program in birthing assistance, you will require at least five GCSEs at grade C or above (normally including English language or writing and a science subject), in addition to two A' levels or equal (in spite of the fact that by and by, you are bound to require three A' levels or equal). Colleges require: (Birmingham city college) †¢GCE An/A2 level 00 UCAS levy focuses from a limit of three An/A2 level passes which must incorporate one of Psychology, Sociology, Biology, Health and Social Care or Human Biology at Grade C or above. A common offer would be ABC. †¢BTEC Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care Minimum Grade DDD required. †¢GCE AS/A1 level Two subjects acknowledged with two GCE An/A2 Levels which must incorporate one of Psychology, Sociology, Biology, Health and Social Care or Human Biology at Grade C or above. Must accomplish at least 300 tax focuses. †¢GCE/AVCE Double Award in Health and Social CareGCE/AVCE Double Award with residual UCAS duty focuses from a limit of one GCE An/A2 Level. The base beginning pay for recently qualified birthing assistants in the NHS is ? 21,176 at Band 5. Birthing assistants as a rule progress to Band 6, which begins at ? 25,258, following at least a year and a limit of 24. Subject to fulfillment inside the NHS Career Framework pay rates can increase to ? 34,189. The scope of common pay rates at senior level, e. g. those dealing with a group, exploration or showing exercises, or with expert information is ? 30,460 †? 40,157. Physioth erapist:Physiotherapists help and treat individuals of any age with physical issues causes by sickness, mishap and maturing. Physiotherapy is social insurance calling which considers human to be as fundamental to the wellbeing and prosperity of people. Physiotherapist help and treat individuals of any age with physical issues brought about by disease, mishap or maturing. Physiotherapy is a social insurance calling which considers human to be as key to the wellbeing and prosperity of people. Physiotherapists recognize and amplify development potential through wellbeing advancement, preventive medicinal services, treatment and rehabilitation.The center abilities utilized by physiotherapists incorporate manual treatment, helpful exercise. Physiotherapists additionally have a valuation for mental, social and social components which impact their customers. Numerous physiotherapists work inside emergency clinics. Here they are required in for all intents and purposes each division, from g eneral out-patients to escalated care, where nonstop chest physiotherapy can be indispensable to keep oblivious patients relaxing. The base passage necessities are the equivalent for all degree courses, yet because of finish for places, it implies that restrictive proposal for places are set higher than least. ou’re required to have 5 GCSEs at grades A-C, which ought to incorporate maths both English language and writing and a choice of science subjects, and 3 A-levels at grade A-C, which one them ought to be organic science. National Salary Data National Salary Data Salary? 18,358 †? 40,716 Bonus? 0. 00 †? 2,936 Total Pay ? 18,774 †? 46,724 In 2008, the normal compensation for this activity was ? 27,000. The normal compensation in 2009 was ? 25,257, The normal compensation in 2010 was ? 48,743 The normal compensation in 2011 was ? 28,506

Peregrine Systems Fraud Essay example -- Business Case Studies Account

Peregrine System's Accounting Fraud Money Street's interest for high development inspired Peregrine Systems' administrators, to falsely swell incomes and stock costs. As indicated by the SEC, Peregrine recorded really inaccurate fiscal summaries with the commission for 11 back to back quarters. Steven Spitzer, an individual from Peregrine's business group confessed to meeting normally with senior administration close to the finish of the quarter to decide how much income was expected to surpass Wall Street's desires. The essential extortion submitted by Peregrine was finished by blowing up income by booking income when deals never happened. By perceiving income from deals that never happened, the records receivable equalization and total compensation were deceitfully exaggerated; the records receivable could never be gathered, in light of the fact that the product was rarely sold. To conceal their high, remarkable, debt claims balance because of booking deals that didn't happen, Peregrine falsely occupied with money re lated concurrences with banks. Obviously, Peregrine Systems expanded its incomes by constraining wholesalers and affiliates to develop their inventories (known as stopping their stock). Through mystery side or oral understandings Peregrine wholesalers and affiliates were not committed to pay Peregrine for their product inventories. This lead clearly turned into an issue. On the off chance that they couldn't sell Peregrine's product, they would get their cash back. As indicated by GAAP, income acknowledgment on the offer of programming requires proof that a course of action must exist, conveyance more likely than not happened, seller's charges must be fixed or definable, and collectibility must be plausible before perceiving income. Peregrine dishonestly recorded this tra... ... enticed to erroneously swell profit is to remove their own benefits, if the organization's stocks go up. I accept that when upper level administration has an excess of motivating force dependent on close to home monetary benefit, which is legitimately founded on the exhibition of the organization; it bargains their decisions. I feel that upper level administration ought not be permitted to get investment opportunities or to try and own stock in the organization as the fiscal reports would give an impartial, predisposition free report. The executives would have no motivation to cook the books. I likewise feel that any administration who despite everything chooses to misrepresent archives should be considered progressively responsible for their activities and get harder disciplines. I imagine that these severe rules would help the individuals in the United States and individuals everywhere throughout the world feel increasingly sure about putting their cash into the securities exch ange.

Eurocentric Biases Within East Asian History essays

Eurocentric Biases Within East Asian History articles Before talking about Fukuzawa Yukichis' scholarly predispositions, a few definitions must be made. For the motivations behind this paper 'eurocentrism' is characterized as the convictions and strategies for thought overwhelmingly followed by european masterminds. This would incorporate static ideas of Arrange and Occident where Oriental countries are normally less evolved than Occidental countries, ideas of progress as being both straight and materialistic and; above all, the nearness of empirical* frameworks of thought fundamental way of thinking and science. Any gathering of convictions that does exclude these qualities falls outside the meaning of eurocentric. There are two provisions notwithstanding the definition. Right off the bat, the presumption that a thought 'has a place' to some gathering is outrageous, the condition (A=B, B=C subsequently A=C) doesn't have a place to Aristotle or Hellenistic culture despite the fact that he is its initially known defender. Anyway a conviction might be one of a kind to, or have begun in one culture, similar to the idea of the Mandate of Paradise to the Chinese. The second condition inside our definition adresses the unpretentious biase it expect: in the event that the ideas of 'Situate' and 'Occident' are a uniquly western build then by characterizing something as 'western' or 'european' we are implicitly concurring that there are such differentiations. Since some casing of reference must be taken for the motivations behind contention, the thought that Orient and Occident do exist, that remarkably western imperical science and ideas of progress exist; and that the mix of these two convictions establishes an eurocentric inclination is accepted. Considering this, Fukazawa Yukichi unmistakably falls inside the meaning of eurocentric with one catch: he doesn't see the Japanese individuals as being sub-par compared to Europeans, he thinks they Quite a bit of Yukichi's idea can be derived from the tone of the article notwithstanding his genuine linguistic structure. In his work Japanese Enligh... <!

Structure Capital Budgeting Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3297 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Major capital investment are a significant operational, organizational and financial stress in any company. But apart from that, these investments are also a managerial stress, since a poorly chosen investment can become a cash hog and cause losses in the end. Because of these reasons, and having in mind that the target of all managers is to increase profits and shareholder value, a controlled process of investment evaluation is needed before every investment. This paper will investigate the process of capital budgeting through the case study of XYZ Company projects. In the first part, we will investigate the literature to identify the methods used in capital budgeting, which will then be applied to the project proposals of XYZ Company in order to select the better project proposal In the second part, we will investigate the options of XYZ Company for Sources of Capital, Capital Rationing and Capital Structure. In the third part, we will explore the effect that the proposed projects in XYZ Company will have on the shareholder value in the longer term (the expected lifetime of the investment) Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting as a process is tasked with planning and evaluation of capital investments. The end result of capital budgeting process is an answer whether and which investments will bring value to the company (Brealey and Myers, 2003; Sheffrin and OSullivan, 2007). While there are multiple ways of generating value for the stakeholders of the company, proper investment in capital assets is one of the most prominent ones. This is simply because capital investments are long-lived, an error in the capital budgeting will be felt for a long time. In order to provide maximum return and value to the shareholders, each manager should engage in a process of analysis of possible investment decisions, using well-known and tested methodologies and approaches. The end result of the analysis should be a ranking of all proje cts by their expected rates of return. In order to maximize value, managers should focus on implementing projects with high expected rates of return. The process of capital budgeting investigates possible future outcomes, and includes multiple analysis methods. Most of these methods observe the incremental cash flows of the possible capital investment and their timing, and do not concern themselves with profit. In order to properly investigate the future outcomes and perform an analysis, the process of capital budgeting uses discounted cash flows, which are applied as Present Value (PV) of future cash flows (International Federation of Accountants, 2008). The two most common methods of discounted cash flows analysis in Capital Budgeting are the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) (Brijlal and Quesada, 2009). The results of these methods are frequently disputed by the literature, but they are still the preferred  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½weapon of choice ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ when performing a financial analysis of a project. In order to minimize the risk of poor project selection, most managers will use multiple methods to confirm their decision. The calculation of NPV represents the current value of the future payoff, and the basic rule is that a project should go ahead only of the NPV is greater than the investment (Brealey and Myers, 2003). The second most frequent method of calculation is the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) (Corelia, 2012), which returns the discount rate at which the NPV is equal to zero (Brealey and Myers, 2003; International Federation of Accountants, 2008; Corelia, 2012). Both these methods are dependent upon the external economic environment, and in order to provide a proper estimate, the analyst must observe the cost of capital, the zero-risk returns as well as the returns of other investments for the same capital (International Federation of Accountants, 2008). The NPV as the most commonly used method gives the difference amount between the present value of the investment to the present value of all future inflows/outflows of money related to the investment. The difficulty of NPV is the proper assessment of the discount rate which includes both risk-free return and market return which is difficult to properly assess. A method that uses the same inputs as NPV is Profitability Index (PI). Instead of subtracting the present value of investment from the present value of future cash flows, it divides the two values, thus resulting in a ratio which presents the amount of value generated. Again, the discount rate of future cash flows must be calculated prior to the calculation of NPV, so both methods have the same weak point. The IRR method takes another approach  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ it returns the discount value at which the difference between the present value of the investment and the future inflows of money are equal, i.e. the discount rate at which NPV = 0. This gives the analyst a reference point (worst case scenario) of discount which he/she can compare to the factors included in the calculation of the NPV discount rate. If the calculated discount rate is less then IRR, the project returns value into the company. A  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½quick and dirty ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ method of selecting a project is through the calculation of a payback period (PP). The PP calculation simply estimates the time needed for the investment  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½to pay for itself ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ earn the invested amount of money. Projects with shorter payback periods are preferred, but the method ignores two potentially very important elements: the time value of money, and there is no interest in the future cash flows after the payback period (Brealey and Myers, 2002). Capital Budgeting Evaluation of XYZ Project Proposals This chapter will perform Capital Budgeting analysis of the options available to the Management of Company XYZ in the form of project pr oposals for purchase of new press machine. The following table presents the summary of all methodologies of capital budgeting analysis applied to the proposed projects. The full set of tables of the analysis is included in Appendix A through E. We will discuss the results of each methodology. Press A Press B Net Present Value (CAPM) $98,485.65 $88,242.35 IRR 18.86% 21.15% Profitability Index 115.21% 121.14% Payback Period (years) 3.69 3.25 Net Present Value (BYPRP) at 4% risk premium $20,297.69 $37,569.58 All NPV calculations rely on the NPV discount rate which is the indicator of the expected risk premium. The most commonly used risk premium calculation method is the Capital asset pricing model (CAPM). R_i=R_f+ ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½(R_m-R_f) Where R_i is the expected return on the capital asset, R_f is the risk-free return, R_mis the expected return of the capital market and  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ is the sensitivity. This is the most common and basic NPV ca lculation, and using this calculation we arrive at a higher NPV for Press A then Press B, thus indicating Press A as the better choice. As a second methodology, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is calculated, which returns the risk premium level at which the project will yield an NPV of 0. The IRR for Press A is 18.86% while the IRR for Press B is 21.15%. The IRR calculation puts Press B at an advantage, since Press B will bring value if the risk premium is higher then Press A, up to 21.15% Although NPV is considered superior to IRR (Wong, 2000), Since the two most common methodologies for capital budgeting did not yield the same result, additional capital budgeting methods need to be applied to properly choose the optimal investment. Another method of evaluating the project value, which supplements IRR is the Profitability Index (PI). PI is an indicator of the quantity of value that is created per dollar/unit of investment. The PI takes into account the time value of money by calculating the present value of future cash flows. In the case of XYZ Company, the PI index is more favorable to Project B, which returns more then 1.2 dollars per dollar invested, while Project A returns only 1.15 dollars per dollar invested. The payback period (PP) is also calculated for both projects, as a quick test of recouping the investment, without taking into account the time value of money. The PP value for project A is 3.69 years, while project B will pay for itself in 3.25 years, thus again putting Project B at an advantage over Project A. CAPM methodology was applied for calculation of discount rate used in NPV and PI. This methodology is met with discussion (Magni, 2009), which may indicate a use of another methodology for discount rate calculation. This approach is also supported by (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011), which identify the Bond Yield Plus Risk Premium (BYPRP) method of calculating the discount rate as the approach when wishing to adjust the disco unt rate and include the company ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s judgmental risk on the cost of equity. (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011) conclude that the judgmental risk premium is applied by adding between 3% and 5% to the CAPM discount rate, depending on historical trends and future estimates. Applying the higher risk discount rate should be primarily applied to the Press A investment due to it ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s higher cost and therefore greater exposure to debt, but we have applied it to both Presses, just to simulate worst case scenario on both presses. To apply the judgmental risk into the calculation we will recalculate the NPV using Bond Yield Plus Risk Premium model for calculating the NPV discount rate. We will take a more risk-averse position and apply a risk premium of 4% After applying the BYPRP discount rate to NPV, the NPV results in a higher value for Press B, thus confirming the results given by IRR, PI and PP. In order to view the movement of NPV in relation to risk, w e created a simulation on multiple levels of risk premium. The following diagram presents a simulation of NPV of both presses for varying levels of additional risk premium, from 1% up to 7% risk premium. Press A is a better choice and will return more value only in very low risk scenarios (0% and 1% additional risk). For anything above 1% risk premium, the NPV of Press A drops much faster than Press B, and it is a worse choice of the two. Additionally, the diagram indicates that Press B will still return value even at very high levels of additional risk premium (7%) while Press A will create a loss at a judgemental risk level just above 5%. Capital Rationing of XYZ Project Proposals The general results of the analysis show that both projects will return value, and in the ideal world of infinite capital both investments can be started. However in a more realistic scenario of very limited financial resources, the choice of the project will be determined not only by it ¿Ãƒ ‚ ½s estimated returns but also by the available capital resources. The process used to prevent a company from  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½spreading too thin ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ is known as capital rationing. The case of XYZ has two viable projects, and we will observe two possible scenarios with different available resources Scenario A  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ Low resources  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ slightly less or equal to value of Press B  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ this is a very simple scenario, with only one logical project selection  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ Press B. Scenario B  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ High resources  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ slightly less or equal to value of Press A  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ this scenario has two possible projects available  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ either Press A or Press B. The NPV analysis concluded that Press A is a better project, but the IRR and PI analyses are favoring the Press B as a better choice. Also, if we use the modified NPV (BYPRP) which includes external risk, press B becomes much more promising, especially if the company has a pessimistic outlook of the future. The Scenario B presents a very simplified version of a real process of decision making regarding capital budgeting and rationing. There are cases in which NPV will fail to identify the real superior project (Wong, 2000). Even if NPV is still the most common method (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011) for capital budgeting and investments, managers are encouraged to apply multiple methodologies (Ryan and Ryan, 2002; Wong, 2000; Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011). Since the regular methodologies of capital budgeting can yield different results, and each of them has different shortcomings, a necessity arises for a wide-encompassing approach to the risk and changes during the length of the project. A new method that is being used in this analysis is the Real Options (RO) method (Chen, 2012), which investigates the options that a company has in each projects, in it ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s size, timing and operation s. This method is a complex mathematical modeling method and is not unlike the modeling of financial derivatives. Financing options for the XYZ Project Proposals In order to provide financing for a project, a company can use one or more of the three general sources of capital: shareholder equity, debt or retained profit. All of these sources have different good and bad points associated to each of them. Shareholder equity is available to companies who are listed on stock exchange. The good point of this source of capital is that there is no interest, nor obligation to repay this capital in a given time frame. On the flip side of the coin, shareholders will provide equity for a piece of ownership in the company. This means that ownership structure may shift, and the company may possibly fall prey to shareholder interest disputes. Retained profit is the simplest way to finance an internal project within a company. There is no interest to pay, and is a very good way of main taining growth in conditions where cost of capital is high. The bad side of this source of capital is that the owners of the company expect the profit as their own money, and the company will require the consent of the owners in order to use retained profit for investments. Debt is usually observed as the principal method of financing projects, which maintains the ownership structure and control, and does not reduce the profits of owners. Also, having debt provides tax benefits for the company. The issue of debt is it ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s timing and cost  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ there is a responsibility to repay the debt within a given time frame, and to pay interest on the borrowed capital. During periods when interest rates are high and spare capital is hard to find, obtaining debt can be prohibitively expensive, or increase the risk of bankruptcy Capital Structure Decision After observing the possible sources of capital for the projects, it can be observed that all options for financing bring some variation of risk or exposure for the company. Capital structure is about striking the balance between increasing debt, managing shareholder expectations and profits and the ownership structure of the company. This balance is very hard to achieve, and can be very subjective in nature from one company to another, based on internal policies and requirements and expectations of major shareholders. The theory of capital structure is initiated by (Modigliani and Miller, 1958), but their theory is based on perfect conditions, of borrowing under same conditions for everyone, no taxes and financing decisions independent of investment decisions. By extending the theory to include taxes and debt risk, the theory reaches a conclusion that optimal capital structure consists entirely of debt, with no equity. Starting from the roots of (Modigliani and Miller, 1958), several theories were developed. We will investigate the proposals of two theories  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ Tra de-off theory and Pecking Order theory. The trade-off theory is based on the idea that a company will balance it ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½s equity and debt based on the costs and benefits (Frank and Goyal, 2007; Kraus and Litzenberger, 1973) The theory concludes that there is an advantage of financing with debt (tax shield), but the benefits of debt (marginal benefits) decrease as debt increases, while the costs of debt will increase. The theory was met with heavy criticism (Myers, 1984). The pecking order theory proposes that companies will choose financing in a  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½pecking order ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ from most preferred to least. The order of preference gives priority to internal financing through retained profits, and only if it is insufficient external financing is chosen. When choosing external financing, debt is preferred to equity. The theories that are investigated give an overview of the theoretical best practices that managers can use, but also of the most co mmon mindset of managers when choosing a source of capital. Current research is focusing on the specifics of companies, and not on general criteria of the theory. For instance (Brigham and Houston, 2009) propose that companies with stable outlook to raise capital from debt, while companies who are at high risk of business failure to rely more on internal or equity funding. Also there is an observation that top management dislikes to issue debt because higher debt will mean more external oversight and less  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½elbow room ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ in their management style and decisions (Berger and Ofek, 1997). The Effect of Investment on Shareholders The expectations of a shareholder in a company are to increase his/her investment value in the form of stock value and direct profits in the form of dividend. To estimate the extra value of a company, multiple metrics have been applied historically, including ROA, ROE, EPS (Dumitru and Dumitru, 2008). In order to estimate the future dividend payout per share, we calculated the dividend value table in appendix F without and with the investment. In the scenario of no investment, the annual growth rate of dividends from the previous years averages out at 11% annual growth rate. Given that average trend, the value of the dividend in 5 years will reach 2.85 $. The investment will change the scenario, and will move the average growth trend to 15% annually, thus yielding a dividend of 3.59 $ within 5 years after the investment. To calculate the stock value, we will utilize the Gordon model, or dividend discount model (Gordon, 1959). Dividend discount model, risk = 4% Without investment With Investment Dividend Value $1.90 Dividend Value $2.05 Discount 13.70% Discount 17.70% Average dividend increase 11% Average dividend increase 15% Stock Value $70.37 Stock Value $75.93 In terms of value of shareholder equity, and given a risk premium of 4%, the value of the common Stock will be incr eased from 70.37 $ to 75.93 $. The following diagram presents the possible values of the shareholder equity depending on the risk premium. Economic Value Added (EVA) is considered as a stronger tool to estimate the market value of the company (Dumitru and Dumitru, 2008) (Salmi and Virtanen, 2001) (Petrescu, 2009). However, the available input for the case study did not include the necessary elements to calculate the EVA of the company, therefore we will maintain only the Gordon model calculated above. In general, shareholder equity will increase in value for all except the highest risk premium scenarios. Given these observations, from the point of view of shareholders we can support the proposal for investment at XYZ Company. Conclusion Through the investigation of the academic literature, we identified 4 capital budgeting methods which we used in the proposed project analysis. In order to provide for judgmental risk, we also included a second method for calculating the present value discount rate. With these tools, we performed an analysis of the proposed projects for XYZ company. The theoretically superior NPV methodology disagreed with the IRR, PP and PI results  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½ NPV proposed Project A as the more beneficial, while IRR, PI and PP proposed Project B. After adding judgmental risk to the discount rate, the NPV value of the Project B was also superior (even if applying the higher risk discount both to Project A and Project B). Based on the varying results of different methods, it is apparent that different risk aversion and information asymmetry can significantly change an outlook for a project, so management should strive for more information and multiple scenarios and checks. In terms of capital rationing, capital structure and financing options, Project B has the advantage of lower capital requirements, and multiple options of capital structure and financing were proposed based in the environmental and market conditions in which the company will operate. In terms of shareholder value, again multiple scenarios of risk aversion were investigated, but in all scenarios the project investment indicated an increase in value over the non-investment value of stock. This is true even if we added a judgmental risk to the risk profile, thus indicating a very risk-averse investor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Structure Capital Budgeting Example For Free" essay for you Create order

My Caring Science Rather Than A Medical Curing Science

Watson focuses on a caring science rather than a medical curing science. The Transpersonal Caring Theory does not have a specific pathway for one to follow in order to achieve the understanding and the ability to apply the theory to practice. In order for one to understand the theory, itself they have to be able to let others in to both their physical, spiritual, and mental world. There is a level of commitment by both parties to allow them to be open to another. Thus, the nurse is able to follow the caritas process, and enhance the normal nurse patient relationship. Watson explains that healing can within the mind, body, and spirit. The nurse can be present in the caring moment through actions, words, feelings, thoughts, and intuitions. Simplicity The theory may be viewed, as simple since caring is essential to the nursing profession. However, the key components of the theory may be difficult for some to understand since it deals with conversations beyond the focus of the physical ream. The base of the theory is for the nurse to be open to the mind, body, and soul to themselves and the patient. Generality – refers to the scope of the concepts and the purpose of the theory (Alligood, 2014). The Accessibility – are the concepts/ statements grounded in empirically identifiable phenomena (Alligood, 2014)? Importance and Improvement – The theory does give guidance to nurses for improvements within their personal selves but also to give patients a sense that caring goesShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Caring1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson introduced the Theory of Human Caring in 1985 through her book Nursing: Human Science and Human Care. 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Effectiveness of the Criminal Trial Process as a Means of...

The effectiveness of the criminal trial process as a means of achieving justice The criminal trial process aims to provide justice for all those involved, while it succeeds in the majority of cases, it effectiveness is influenced and reduced by certain factors. These include the legal representation involved in a case and the availability of legal aid, the capacity of the jury assessing the trial, the credibility of scientific evidence and the impact of social media on the trial process. Due to such flaws the criminal trial process is not always an effective means of achieving justice. There is often unfair advantages in the trial process as not all members of society have the same access to legal representatives or availability of†¦show more content†¦This may also be due to the credibility of scientific evidence, for example the scientific evidence of DNA is hard to disprove in court as members of society are made to believe through the influence of social media that if there is DNA evidence present the accused is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. While DNA has helped solve many cases and been used in court during the criminal trial process to prove and disprove an accused innocence it also adds to the flaws in the efficiency of the trial process. There are cases in which the accused had been wrongfully convicted due to DNA results, such as the case of Farah Jama where a man was wrongfully convicted of rape through the evidence of DNA alone. Farah Jama was convicted of raping a woman in a nightclub in 2006, in 2008 before a jury he was sentenced to six yea rs jail by Judge Paul Lacava. Farah was found guilty of rape solely on the basis of DNA, adding to the suggestion that the jury is persuaded by the DNA evidence. In early 2009 a solicitor took on Jamas case, asking for the retesting of the key DNA sample, the scientist who retested the sample expressed doubts to its reliability. Jamas was later acquitted and it is highly likely that he was convicted of a crime that never took place. This was a miscarriage of justice which raises the question whether or not scientificShow MoreRelatedLegal - Effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System1111 Words   |  5 PagesWithin the criminal justice system discuss the effectiveness of legal and non-legal measures in achieving justice. 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These are alternatives to confinement and unlike imprisonment, they do not involve being in a four square cell. Examples of alternative confinement include electronic monitoring, community supervision, house arrest, restorative justice and so on. For this project, I will be focusing on electronic monitoring

Reaction About Twilight Novel free essay sample

Seventeen year old Bella moves from sunny Phoenix to rainy Forks, Washington, but the new school is the least of her troubles. She soon finds herself attracted to a mysterious boy who seems to be infuriated by her mere presence. Soon, however, the truth comes out and the two become inseparable. Bella never dreamed shed fall in love, let alone with a vampire named Edward. Throughout the novel, he fights to save her, from himself and from others. Those who will enjoy this novel most are teens and adults looking for a good fantasy and adolescent romance. This is the novel that took Harry Potters place on the best sellers list. The world of magic and wizards may very well be replaced with the world of vampires created by Stephenie Meyer in her Twilight Saga. In this first novel of the trilogy, named after the saga, the world of vampires is introduced. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction About Twilight Novel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I personally enjoyed the fantasy elements and the world of vampires. Meyer creates a few new ideas around the myth of the vampire that stray from the traditional. My only problem was with the pacing of the novel. I waited through the entire thing for something to happen. The first 500 pages or so is a nearly day-to-day account of Bellas teenage life, and that got a bit repetitive and boring to me. The last 50 pages, though, were intense and suspenseful. Yet when I finished reading Twilight, I wanted to continue on to the next in the series. The end of the novel made me want to continue reading to find out what happens with the characters I came to know well in the first novel. I think fans of Young Adult novels or adolescent romances will enjoy this, particularly if they like a bit of fantasy. Meyer manages to create a fantastical world in a very real way. Its a YA novel first, and a fantasy second. If youre a fan of adult romance, you may find yourself disappointed by this novel. The characters are teenagers (the human ones, anyway), so the romance is more one of discovery and first kisses.